美国儿童保护强制报告制度及其对我国的启示

儿童保护强制报告制度,要求特定的人员在发现儿童虐待或忽视行为时向特定机构报告,未能报告的责任主体将承担相应的民事或刑事责任。该制度包括初步审查、启动调查、评估分析、公布结论、服务安置等措施。这项制度对我国儿童保护制度的构建有着重要的启示,包括重视儿童虐待构成的特殊文化、增加儿童免受虐待的具体规定、形成儿童保护救助的完整体系和强调儿童权利保护的社会责任等。     

An alternative response to "The best interests of the child thesis: some thoughts from Australia"

Many of the concerns about recent changes in child welfare services practice in Australia have also been raised in the USA. Although it certainly may be the case that mandatory reporting is causing a broadening of child welfare services in Australia, close data-informed scrutiny suggests that this is not the case in the USA. Further, there are positive alternatives to overly intrusive child welfare service interventions that are arising in the USA. There is reasonable evidence to suggest that too little protection rather than too much intrusion remains the more significant problem in the USA; this may also be true elsewhere. The quality and range of services certainly determines whether intrusion is helpful to children and families. In some cases, for example life-threatening health problems that parents will not or cannot treat, engaging the assistance of child welfare services should not be ruled out for ideological reasons.     

The 'best interests of the child' thesis: some thoughts from Australia

In the 36 years since the 1973 publication of ' Beyond the Best Interests of the Child ' by Goldstein, Freud and Solnit, the phase 'the best interests of the child' has achieved biblical standing and is now embedded in childcare and protection legislation worldwide. It also resonates through clinical reports and other materials that form the basis for proceedings in Children's Courts and in Family Law Courts. Such is the power of the phrase that it is to be found in Article 18 of the Convention on the Rights of Children that was adopted by the United Nations in September 1989. In 1996, Goldstein, Solnit and Goldstein, with Freud, indicated a preference for the phrase 'least detrimental alternative' rather than 'the best interests of the child'. For this reason, and because the world in 2009 is a far different place from that which existed 36 years ago, we think it is time to re-examine this classic phrase both in terms of its underlying thesis and how it is used in present-day childcare and protection proceedings and practice.     

新闻策划与新闻报道策划辨析

新闻、新闻策划和新闻报道策划是完全不同的概念，它们有本质的区别，新闻报道是可以策划的，而新闻是不能策划的。策划的所谓新闻，其实不是新闻，而是广告活动或公共关系活动；新闻炒作与新闻策划又完全不同，新闻炒作属于新闻报道策划。新闻报道策划有它必要性和可行性的特点及注重传播技巧的内涵。     

新闻报道中模糊语的语用功能

模糊性是自然语言的属性。模糊语言存在于各种文体之中,新闻报道也不例外。本文结合英语报刊实例和报刊英语文体特点,分析了模糊语在新闻报道中的语用功能。     

上市公司财务报告虚假陈述民事责任的认定

上市公司财务报告虚假陈述的民事责任的要件包括:虚假陈述及其重大性、过错、损害、因果关系。与一般侵权行为法相比,上述要件具有一定的特殊性。虚假陈述的民事诉讼要处理好保护投资者与维护信息披露义务人的正当权益之间的关系。一方面,要追究上市公司及有关人员提供虚假财务报告,侵害投资者及其他关系人利益的责任,以惩罚虚假陈述行为、保护投资者利益,维护市场的健康有序发展。另一方面,也要严格把握民事赔偿责任的构成要件,防止滥诉行为。我国对虚假陈述的民事责任的认定,尚存在一些不完善或不明确之处,需要加以改进。     

形式语言理论、学习理论与演化动力学——语言进化论框架下的英语学习

语言作为跨学科的研究题目,受到很多不同学科研究人员的关注。把语言当作一种生物现象和进化的产物,从计算语言学出发来研究语言的演化和学习规律,需要整合形式语言理论、学习理论和进化动力学方面的知识,从而重新认识和研究语言的学习和演化规律。由此得到的语言动力学方程提供了探讨学习外语的模式,有助于探索外语学习的规律和提高外语学习效率的途径。     

论新闻信息流量原理在深度报道中的应用

从联接新闻传播三要素的关键因素———新闻信息出发,用新闻信息流量原理分析了如何科学有效地增加深度报道的信息量,并且在原有原理的的表达式中增加一个函数,使新闻受传者能对深度报道的有效信息量予以全面合理的考量,最终为深度报道创造了一个行文理论基础,使新闻传播者能够制作出真正具有“深度”的新闻报道作品。     

Does the mandate make a difference? reporting decisions in emotional abuse

Mandated (N = 57) and non‐mandated (N = 94) reporters were questioned as to their perceptions of the seriousness of 20 vignettes related to child emotional abuse, as well as their willingness to report the actions contained in the vignettes to child protective services. No difference was observed between mandated and non‐mandated reporters on the mean number of vignettes considered reportable. In addition, several psychosocial variables, including perceptions of teasing, political viewpoint, tendencies towards diffuse responsibility, perceptions of child protective services (CPS) and attitude towards helping others, were measured. Separate regression equations for mandated and non‐mandated reporters showed two different models in predicting reporting tendencies. Mandated reporters were most affected by the seriousness of the situation and their willingness to engage in prosocial behaviour, whereas non‐mandated reporters were most motivated by judgements of the seriousness of the abusive situation and their faith in child protective services. Being a male was also observed to be more predictive of reporting for non‐mandated reporters. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of mandatory notification training on the tendency to report hypothetical cases of child abuse and neglect

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of mandated notification training upon the tendency of individuals to report hypothetical cases of abuse and neglect. A second objective was to investigate the factors that influence the decision to report and to determine whether mandated notification training had an effect on these factors. Comparisons were drawn between a no training and a recent training group (with random allocation). An additional group of participants who had received training some time ago was included. Five hypothetical vignettes were responded to by 41 teachers and school personnel who had recently completed training, 31 people who had not completed training and 73 people who had completed training some years previously. Where the quality of evidence of abuse and thus suspicion of abuse was relatively high, there were no differences in the likelihood of reporting between trained and untrained participants, all of whom were very likely to report. Ambiguous evidence of abuse had a strong negative influence on reporting likelihood, although mandatory reporting training reduced this inhibition. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.