叙事学还有新的理论空间吗？——论叙事学的发展道路及其人学化可能

1960年代方才兴起的西方叙事学,迄今为止走过了形式叙事学和语境叙事学两个阶段或者说两种形态。但从文论发展的历史和其逻辑来看,这并未穷尽叙事学发展的全部空间。至少还存在一种介于二者之间的叙事学范式：人学叙事学。人学叙事学作为叙事学和人学的结合,完全可以发展成为一门与形式叙事学、语境叙事学鼎足而立的独立的叙事学学科。这一学科的建立,不仅会极大地改变现有叙事学的版图,而且对文学理论在更大范围内的综合具有难得的推动作用。     

关于江南奏销案的再思考

对于清初江南奏销案,一般论者大多从清廷对士绅的政策层面着眼。文章则将此案置于清代财政制度建构的过程之中加以考察,认为江南奏销案并不是一个孤立的事件,清廷之所以在全国范围内发动奏销案是因为清初财政肩负双重使命,这种双重使命导致国家异常重视财政制度的完善和执行。江南奏销案对绅士的打击比较广泛是江南特殊的情形使然。     

分析理性与辩证理性联手运用的智慧——《逻辑的社会功能》读后

(1)形式逻辑(分析理性)的渊源:它从古代论辩术中分离出来,其核心是推理的法则。(2)黑格尔辩证逻辑(辩证理性)的渊源:(a)它直接源于康德的先验逻辑与二律背反(Antinomy)。(b)可进一步追溯到古希腊辩证法的两支:赫拉克利特的生成辩证法与苏格拉底的对话辩证法。(3)辩证逻辑绝无反形式逻辑的特性!那只是假象。(4)分析理性与辩证理性的联手,是化解社会矛盾和科学上悖论的强有力的思想工具。     

Transfiguring Life

No abstract available for this article.     

The Media and Genetically Modified Foods: Evidence in Support of Social Amplification of Risk

Empirical examinations of the "social amplification of risk" framework are rare, partly because of the difficulties in predicting when conditions likely to result in amplification effects will occur. This means that it is difficult to examine changes in risk perception that are contemporaneous with increases and/or decreases in social or media discussion of the risks associated with a particular risk event. However, the collection of attitude data before, during, and after the increased reporting of the risks of genetically modified food in the United Kingdom (spring 1999) has demonstrated that people's risk perceptions do increase and decrease in line with what might be expected upon examination of the amplification and attenuation mechanisms integral to the framework. Perceptions of benefit, however, appeared to be permanently depressed by negative reporting about genetically modified food. Trust in regulatory institutions with responsibility for protecting the public was not affected. It was concluded that the social amplification of risk framework is a useful framework for beginning to explain the potential impact on risk perceptions of a risk event, particularly if that risk event is presented to the public as a new hazard occurring in a crisis context.     

社会新闻报道的三个选择

社会新闻是以报道社会生活中的人际关系、精神风貌和伦理道德为主的新闻 ,在实践中 ,某些媒体片面追求“卖点”,忽视正确的舆论导向 ,致使一些格调低劣、色情淫秽、凶杀暴力、荒诞不经的内容被播发 ,贻害了社会 ,污染了读者 ,玷污了媒体的形象 ,降低了媒体的品位。社会新闻只有从内容、角度、时机上加以选择 ,才能做到经济效益、社会效益双丰收 ,才能做到可读性、思想性、引导性的最佳结合     

美国深度报道百年发展轨迹探析

美国深度报道起源的真正时间应是19世纪70年代。从功能角度分析,100多年以来,美国深度报道先后经历了调查、解释和预测三个阶段,逐渐形成了调查型报道、解释型报道和预测型报道,而每一次功能跨越,背后都有着深刻的政治、经济及社会原因。     

Information sharing and reporting systems in the UK and Ireland: Professional barriers to reporting child maltreatment concerns

Across the UK recent policy developments have focused on improved information sharing and inter‐agency cooperation. Professional non‐reporting of child maltreatment concerns has been consistently highlighted as a problem in a range of countries and the research literature indicates that this can happen for a variety of reasons. Characteristics such as the type of abuse and the threshold of evidence available are key factors, as are concerns that reporting will damage the professional‐client relationship. Professional discipline can also impact on willingness to report, as can personal beliefs about abuse, attitudes towards child protection services and experiences of court processes. Research examining the role of organisational factors in information sharing and reporting emphasises the importance of training and there are some positive indications that training can increase professional awareness of reporting processes and requirements and help to increase knowledge of child abuse and its symptoms. Nonetheless, this is a complex issue and the need for training to go beyond simple awareness raising is recognised. In order to tackle non‐reporting in a meaningful way, childcare professionals need access to on‐going multidisciplinary training which is specifically tailored to address the range of different factors which impact on reporting attitudes and behaviours. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Attitudes of Palestinian pre‐school teachers from Israel towards reporting of suspected cases of child abuse and neglect

The paper documents a study conducted among 225 Palestinian pre‐school teachers from Israel. Data were collected through a self‐administered questionnaire that examined the teachers’ attitudes towards reporting child abuse and neglect. In general, the participants’ attitudes towards reporting child abuse and neglect to the child protection services (CPS) were more positive than their attitudes towards reporting to the police. Willingness to report suspected cases of child sexual abuse to the police and CPS was higher than willingness to report other types of child abuse and neglect. Inconsistent results were revealed with regard to how awareness of reporting regulations and awareness of signs and risk factors for child maltreatment affect willingness to report to CPS and to the police. A comprehensive discussion of the possible relevance of the participants’ socio‐cultural and sociopolitical values to their attitudes towards reporting child abuse and neglect is presented. The implications of the results for future studies are also discussed.     

Fat in the Fire? Science,the News Media,and the “Obesity Epidemic”2

In recent years, the “obesity epidemic” has emerged as a putative public health crisis. This article examines the interconnected role of medical science and news reporting in shaping the way obesity is framed as a social problem. Drawing on a sample of scientific publications on weight and health, and press releases and news reporting on these publications, we compare and contrast social problem frames in medical science and news reporting. We find substantial overlap in science and news reporting, but the news media do dramatize more than the studies on which they are reporting and are more likely than the original science to highlight individual blame for weight. This is partly due to the news media’s tendency to report more heavily on the most alarmist and individual‐blaming scientific studies. We find some evidence that press releases also shape which articles receive media coverage and how they are framed.