资产支撑证券ABS国际融资的会计处理

资产支撑证券 (ABS)作为重要的金融创新工具 ,它给资本市场带来的重大变化是融资方式的创新 ,会计界也面临很多全新的规范问题。其中最具典型意义的是表外融资问题和合并报表问题 ,充分认识这两个问题的重要性 ,对我国发展ABS国际融资的会计处理有所裨益     

后回归时代澳门法律本地化之发展

后回归时代,澳门政治、经济、文化等要素与回归前相比均产生了明显的变化,上述社会条件的良性发展对法律本地化的深化提出了现实需求.澳门法本地化之路已从“形式本地化”迈向“实质本地化”.现阶段法律本地化的发展,有必要在保留澳门法特色的基础上,从社会实际需求出发进行深入的法律变革,重视本地化资源的建设,加强法律人才的培养,促进本地法律文化的生成及发展.而在当今全球化的背景下,澳门法的本地化将携现代化、国际化前行.     

PERSPECTIVES:

No abstract available for this article.     

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

No abstract available for this article.     

On the potential cost effectiveness of scientific audits

The rationale for the routine performance of scientific audits has been previously discussed, and it has been proposed that independent professionals audit scientific data just as certified public accountants in independent public accounting firms audit financial data (1–4). Scientific audits would typically require the examination of data in laboratory notebooks and other work sheets, upon which research publications are based. Examples of such audits have been publicized recently, although these represent audits which have been conducted relatively inefficiently, over periods of several years per audit, and which have only been conducted due to the persistence of whistleblowers suspecting scientific fraud (5, 6). A detailed report has also appeared on the results of an audit of the research activities of a particular individual, where the audit was limited solely to an examination of the research publications themselves for errors and discrepancies (7). It should be emphasized that the purpose of conducting scientific audits is not only to detect fabrication of experimental results but also to monitor presumably more prevalent, non‐fraudulent, inappropriate practices, such as misrepresentation of data, inaccurate reporting, and departure from institutional guidelines for handling hazardous materials, working with human subjects, etc.

Two concerns which have been raised concerning the performance of scientific audits relate to cost. What would they cost, and who would pay for them? These questions, however, may be turned around. What does it cost not to conduct such audits, and who pays for that? An assumption often made is that science is self‐correcting, that sooner or later the truth will be revealed because of the need to replicate experiments of others for independent verification of novel findings (8). Testimony recently presented at a U.S. congressional hearing suggests that the self‐correcting manner in which science advances represents a very slow and inefficient process for uncovering scientific fraud (5, 6, 9). Data from a survey of university scientists was also presented, indicating “. . . a reluctance to take prompt, corrective action not only when an investigator suspects another of misconduct but also should the investigator discover flaws in his or her own published reports‐whether the flaws were the result of honest error or fraud”; (10).

The uncritical acceptance by established scientists that the self‐correcting process works compounds the problem. The Editor of Science has written that”;. . . 99.9999 percent of reports are accurate and truthful. . .”; (8). If indeed only 0.0001% of published reports were inaccurate or untruthful, there would be little justification for scientific audits. However, congressional testimony from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) revealed that”;. . . the NIH Director's office has handled an average of 15–20 allegations and reports of misconduct annually in its extramural programs, which supports the work of approximately 50,000 scientists”; (11). As I shall attempt to demonstrate, since NIH alone receives fraud‐related complaints concerning the work of at least 0.03% of scientists it supports in other institutions, and since evidence indicates that the incidence of fraud is considerably greater than 0.03% (10, 12), the need to audit data is justifiable on the basis of being cost effective.     

在方式准则的视角下看商务英语信函的翻译

鉴于商务英语信函在商业活动中的重要性,从方式准则的角度,通过结合方式准则的要求以及商务英语信函的特点,来探讨看商务英语信函的翻译。以此来指导商务英语信函的翻译,从而更好的应用于实践。     

Australian child protection services: A game without end

Hansen P, Ainsworth F. Australian child protection services: A game without end This article argues that Australian child protection services are based on an error of logical typing. Across time, this has led to an over‐reliance on mandatory reporting legislation, a forensic/investigative/prosecutorial model of practice, a risk‐averse organisational culture and zero tolerance of any imperfections in parenting practices which are defined as child abuse and neglect regardless of their severity. All of these positions ignore powerful social stressors that surround complex family situations where abuse and neglect can occur. It is proposed that this error of logical typing is confirmed by the well‐documented fact that Australian child protection services have for more than two decades been unable to prevent or reduce the incidence of child abuse and neglect. For this article, New South Wales is used as the exemplar state.     

法治概念的多样性与一致性——兼及中国法治研究方法的反思

当下中国的法治理论普遍强调法治的价值内涵,而政治哲学的差异和道德主张的不同导致了对法治的多样性理解。在影响较大的几种西方法治学说之间,有着较为明显的一致性理论倾向,即仅仅强调法治的形式内涵、工具内涵、程序内涵,而并不触及法治的外部价值诉求或政治理想。法治是一个实践的概念,道德上的理想与政治上的抱负是法律应担当的使命,而法治所关心的乃是法律统治地位的确立与法律的有效实现。将法治狭义地界定为形式意义上的一种社会政治实践方式,一方面使得这一概念作为分析工具获得了使用上的便利,另一方面十分有助于从这一"简单化"的概念出发开放出与法治有关的种种理论问题,有助于区分和探求法治的实践路径或实践模式,有助于关注到法治的工具合理性及其有限性,有助于总结和发掘不同历史时期、不同社会条件下人们对法治所寄予的价值期待的普遍性与特殊性,特别是确立当下中国法治实践的应有的价值目标。     

Sustainability reporting patterns of companies listed on the Johannesburg securities exchange

The demand by stakeholders for information about companies’ social and environmental performance has led to sustainability reporting becoming essential. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines are the international reporting standard whereas the Johannesburg Securities Exchange Socially Responsible Investment (JSE SRI) Index guidelines are used in South Africa. Although South Africa is regarded as one of the leaders in sustainability reporting in the world, the JSE SRI Index is still a relatively new standard and its efficiency will only be proved over time. The research on which this paper is based, determined whether reporting patterns exist across specific market sectors of the sustainability reports of companies listed on the JSE in order to establish if the JSE SRI Index guidelines on reporting are efficient. Results indicated that all the selected market sectors reported on the environment, society and governance (ESG) categories as per requirements of the JSE SRI Index. The mining and materials sector reported more in the environment and the society categories than the other sectors, while in the governance category less reporting on indirect impacts by all the sectors was noted. The implication of this is that in general, companies find the JSE SRI Index guidelines on reporting easy to implement. However, less reporting of companies’ indirect impacts on their operating environments could mean that there is still a lack of completeness and transparency from the companies’ reports, which could be as a result of a lack of firmer guidelines by the JSE SRI Index guidelines on reporting of such issues.     

Strategy implementation and organizational change: How formal reorganization affects professional networks

Strategy implementation is difficult, particularly as it often requires changes in formal organization structures. Prior research has shown that change in the formal structure may affect employee networks. Yet, we know relatively little about how such changes affect different network ties. This paper considers how formal structural change affects senior managers’ ability to maintain their intraorganizational networks. The hypotheses are tested on sample of 884 work-related relationships of 96 partners in a global professional services firm. This firm had recently implemented a new strategy, which led to a change in the product-market focus and the resulting formal structure. Our findings reveal that the characteristics of a specific network tie determine whether it is affected by formal structural change. In particular, we find that network ties that are highly embedded in the social structure are more likely to be affected by change in the formal structure. In contrast, ties that are relationally embedded are less likely to be affected by change in the formal structure. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results. In particular, the findings may have consequences for the success of strategy implementation and strategic transformation efforts.