Human Error Contribution in Collision and Grounding of Oil Tankers

The purpose of this article is to present a quantitative analysis of the human failure contribution in the collision and/or grounding of oil tankers, considering the recommendation of the “Guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment” of the International Maritime Organization. Initially, the employed methodology is presented, emphasizing the use of the technique for human error prediction to reach the desired objective. Later, this methodology is applied to a ship operating on the Brazilian coast and, thereafter, the procedure to isolate the human actions with the greatest potential to reduce the risk of an accident is described. Finally, the management and organizational factors presented in the “International Safety Management Code” are associated with these selected actions. Therefore, an operator will be able to decide where to work in order to obtain an effective reduction in the probability of accidents. Even though this study does not present a new methodology, it can be considered as a reference in the human reliability analysis for the maritime industry, which, in spite of having some guides for risk analysis, has few studies related to human reliability effectively applied to the sector.     

European Scientific Socio-Economic Reporting: State and Possibilities of Development

This paper proposes a European socio-economic reporting system, consisting of different elements and constructed in a modular form. The main idea is to monitor the process of welfare production, conceived in the form of an input-throughput-output model. Actors of welfare production generate inputs, these are mediated and filtered by institutional arrangements and finally determine the outcomes, that is the individual welfare. For all of the three parts of the welfare production model available data sources, social reports, social surveys, databases with institutional information etc. are reviewed and analyzed with respect to their use for the monitoring of welfare production. The paper is divided into five sections: first, the state of socio-economic reporting is outlined; second, the use of the available material is discussed; third, new approaches and instruments in socio-economic reporting are described; fourth, a scenario of European socio-economic reporting is outlined; and fifth, the steps needed for implementation are delineated.     

关于舆论监督报道策划的几点思考

舆论监督报道策划是新闻策划的重要内容之一 ,也是科学实施新闻舆论监督的重要环节。从我国舆论监督的现状入手 ,依据系统方法理论 ,对舆论监督报道策划的有关问题进行了深入探讨 ,总结了舆论监督报道策划的原则 ,提出了相应的宣传策略。     

Locating Gender Neutrality in Formal and Informal Aspects of Organizational Cultures

This article describes and analyzes the practices that conceal gender at work in the contexts of different organizational cultures. The case studies on which I base my discussion derive from clerical work in two organizational settings. The interpretation I suggest is that regardless of their sex, age or hierarchical position at work, employees regard gender as a personal and intimate issue that, with the exception of pay, does not belong to the sphere of work. Gender issues raise questions that disturb the preferred harmony in everyday life in workplaces. Consequently, the employees seemed to think that hierarchical differences are located in society at large, not in their own workplaces. The analysis shows that age, position and technology shaped differences not only between women and men in organizations, but also among female clerical workers. Thus the results relate both to the practical realities at work and to the gender identities of clerical employees in their organizational cultures.     

Articles reporting research on Latin American social movements are only rarely transparent

ABSTRACT

Social movement scholars often want their research to make a difference beyond the academy. Readers will either read reports directly or they will read reviews that aggregate findings across a number of reports. In either case, readers must find reports to be credible before they will take their findings seriously. While it is not possible to predict the indicators of credibility used by individual, direct readers, formal systems of review do explicate indicators that determine whether a report will be recognized as credible for review. One such indicator, also relevant to pre-publication peer review, is methodological transparency: the extent to which readers are able to detect how research was done and why that made sense. This paper tests published primary research articles on and for social movements in Latin America for compliance with a generous interpretation of methodological transparency. We find that, for the most part, articles are not methodologically transparent. If transparency matters to social movement scholars, the research community may wish to formalize discussions of what aspects of research should be reported and how those reports should be structured.     

基于XBRL技术平台的税务稽查系统

随着可扩展商业报告语言（XBRL）的产生与发展,引领网络财务报告深远发展.XBRL财务报告具有能进行互联网、跨平台操作,能实现不同形式的财务报告的转换,便于财务报告间的纵向和横向比较等优势.针对税务稽查部门对XBRL安全性、保密性等特殊要求,尝试设计了适合税务稽查的XBRL技术平台.     

农产品质量安全的柔性干预研究

农产品质量安全问题正由传统食源性危害转变为疾病传染性危害,《农产品质量安全法》所标识的监管型刚性干预方式面临更为复杂的情形,以内生自律为目标的柔性干预方式因其理论依据和现实土壤而成为规范农产品生产经营行为的新选择。农产品质量安全的柔性干预的基本理路是:以利益驱动为动机干预起点,以信用控制和组织推动为演进过程,以风险防范为环境保障,以内生自律为干预目标定位。因循柔性干预的基本理路,从农产品市场准入制度、申报制度、信用制度、预警制度、补贴制度和政府采购制度六方面建构农产品质量安全柔性干预制度体系,作为破解农产品质量安全难题的新思路。     

Information seeking in secondary schools: A multilevel network approach

In this study, we investigate information seeking interactions in secondary schools from a multilevel network approach. Based on network-related theories, we examine the facilitating role of formal subunits. We apply exponential random graph models for multilevel networks and summarize our findings by using a meta-analysis technique. Our results indicate that formal subunits (e.g. subject departments) can, to some extent, facilitate interactions, in loosely coupled organizations (e.g. secondary schools). Finally, this study shows that a multilevel network approach can provide a more informative representation of information seeking ties in knowledge-intensive organizations.     

Gender Differences in Psychosocial Predictors of Attitudes Toward Reporting Child Sexual Abuse in the United Kingdom

There is a dearth of research investigating psychosocial correlates of attitudes toward reporting child sexual abuse in males and females and a lack of such studies drawing on participants from the United Kingdom. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to examine gender differences in social and psychological predictors of attitudes toward reporting child sexual abuse. Participants drawn from the United Kingdom general population were recruited via an opportunistic sampling method. Cross-sectional design using a self-report questionnaire was utilized. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that social support, masculinity, and age form significant associations with attitudes toward reporting child sexual abuse in females (total variance explained by the model was 25%). In the male sample, the only significant predictor of attitudes toward reporting child sexual abuse was interpersonal manipulation (total variance explained by the model was 9%). This study provides an important insight into psychosocial barriers and facilitators to reporting child sexual abuse. Such knowledge is crucial for the early detection and prevention of abuse.     

新闻场与社团组织的权力冲突与对话

新闻生产的社会学分析,除了最常见的政治、经济等视角外,在社会结构转型的现代社会体系中,尤其需要关注各种社会性组织的影响。因为,媒体对于新闻价值和不同的非政府组织可信度的判断,会影响他们如何以及何时报道。在很多时候,这种判断是有特定语境的,往往与非政府组织独特的公共传播策略有效性相关。但结构性的变量仍然是显见的,比如媒体对半官方性质的NGO往往有较高的关注度,并且很少对这些组织提供的信息持质疑态度。