从人文科学考古学到人的消失——福柯哲学思想初探

福柯的人文科学考古学,其关键就是要揭示出人文知识的认识型断裂,从而为现代人文知识的建构提供说明。而现代人文科学的核心就是人的出现。在福柯看来,所谓人的出现,不仅是说现代人文知识给予了人一个特殊的位置,而是说从此以后,人们可以思考人了,人成为认识的对象或客体。然而,一旦人成为同世界上其他事物一样的认识对象或客体的话,那么,人就正在从这个世界中消失。由于人正在消失,主体正在被颠覆,因此,福柯认为,这就意味着屈从于主体的整个西方文明也必将发生翻天覆地的变化。     

阿尔都塞与福柯的思想师承

路易·阿尔都塞是20世纪法国著名的马克思主义哲学家,福柯是20世纪法国极富传奇色彩与反叛性的思想家,生活于同一世纪的二人相识于巴黎高等师范学校,而后结下了深厚的友谊。二人的理论道路虽然大相径庭,但二人思想之间仍然存在着重要的联系,阿尔都塞和福柯思想之间有着较多的相通之处。论文试图从阿尔都塞的意识形态分析与福柯的权力分析等方面阐述阿尔都塞与福柯思想之间的联系。阿尔都塞作为福柯的老师,无论是在生活中还是在思想上都对福柯产生了一定的影响。无论是阿尔都塞对于意识形态、主体、难题性（总问题）的研究,还是福柯对于权力、主体、知识型的研究,都可以看到二人之间的确存有许多值得重视的联系。     

论福柯的身体政治思想

福柯是当代世界最伟大的身体政治思想家。他的身体政治思想包罗万象，对日常生活的疯癫、疾病、性的历史建构，对身体规训、身体统辖、身体治理的政治论述，对权力和话语的身体铭刻，无不显示福柯身体政治思想的深度和幅度。而其思想的基石，是当时最为盛行的新自由主义。     

Foucault,Politics and Organizations: (Re)‐Constructing Sexual Harassment

This article reviews the body of knowledge around workplace sexual harassment. In deploying a Foucauldian analysis, it attempts to argue that this knowledge, as part of the wider discourse on sex, may (re)produce consequences counter to those which its proponents espouse. In particular, the discussion seeks to problematize the status of harassment knowledge as truth; the depiction within this knowledge of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ sex; the roles this knowledge identifies for men and women within the phenomenon of harassment; and the theme within harassment knowledge that sex is central to our existence. The conclusion aims to suggest the ways in which this kind of analysis is useful by addressing the criticisms usually levelled at Foucault's work.     

规训或反抗--福柯的规训理论视角下严歌苓的《扶桑》解读

严歌苓在其作品《扶桑》中描述了早期华裔中国人在白人主流文化的规训下,丧失民族身份,被美国人驯服的悲剧故事。华裔中国人在白人文化的训诫下,大部分成为“被驯服的肉体”,也有少部分人进行“权力的反抗”,这一分化过程完全吻合福柯的规训理论。通过福柯规训理论对该小说进行分析,批判白人文化的规训手段,同时也警示中国同胞,在异质文化中生存也要坚守自身的民族自尊和自信。     

A Storm in a Tea‐Cup? ‘Making a Difference’ in Two Sure Start Children's Centres

Sure Start Children's Centres were central to the last UK Labour government in improving outcomes for children and families. Yet, participation by those who ‘ought’ to attend was and remains a focus of concern. Using the work of Foucault, this paper explores parental participation in two Centres to examine how ‘government operates at a distance’, through the everyday interactions of those who inhabit these spaces. In exploring micro‐practices, the humble cup of tea can be seen, not only as a small act of caring but a site of power and struggle over what these spaces meant to parents and practitioners.     

Rehearsals in Citizenship: BBC Stop‐Motion Animation Programmes For Young Children

This paper examines new managerial discourses and practices in which the dialectic of labour is reconstructed as a series of acts of self‐understanding, self‐examination and “self‐work”, and through which the “self qua self” is constituted as the central object of management technologies. We interrogate concepts such as “excellence”, “total quality”, “performance”, “knowledge”, “play at work” and “wellness” in order to decipher the ways in which managerialism deploys what we term therapeutic habitus, and projects a new horizon of “human resourcefulness” as a store of unlimited potentialities. We invoke management’s wider historical–cultural context to situate managerialism within the framework of modernity as a cultural epoch whose main characteristic is what we term “derecognition of finitude”. It is the modern synthesis — with the “self” at the centre of its system of values — that provides the ground for current elaborations of subjectivity by managerialism. The paper examines how current vocabularies and practices in organizations use “work” to rearticulate discursively the human subject as an endless source of performativity by configuring work as the site of complex and continuous self‐expression. Management thus acquires a new discursive outline: instead of appearing as an authoritarian instance forcing upon workers a series of limitations, it now presents itself as a therapeutic formula mediating self‐expression by empowering individuals to work upon themselves to release their fully realized identity.     

The love bug and the melancholic drag queen or a reflection on the cultural/political “grounds” of subjects as sexual

The notion of the subject and its formation has long been at the centre of discussion in critical theory. Identity discourse constructed a passive subject made up of qualities such us gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity and age. Poststructuralist thought on the other hand invested its critical mind in producing a mobile subject, one that is both the product and the producer of practices, power and processes. While identity discourse put qualities such as “sex” at the centre of its analysis of subject formation and produced a sexual subject, poststructuralist thought emphasised “bodies and pleasure” and produced the subject as sexual. This article addresses the formation of the subject as sexual through an everyday practice that forms a dominant part of our contemporary computerised era, namely that of the opening of an e‐mail. It reads the effects of the “Love Bug”, the e‐mail that infected millions of computer systems on the 4th of May 2000, so as to assess the extent it produces a different subject sexual than the one already promoted in poststructuralist thought. Butler’s notion of “gender performativity” (a dominant concept in relation to the subject as sexual) and her allegory of the melancholic drag queen are evaluated through ?i?ek’s critique and the example of the “Love Bug” e‐mail. This produces a different reading of the subject as sexual: one that understands sexual pleasure as being at the foundations of subject formation.     

What is society? Social thought and the arts of government

Following conservative politicians, neoliberal philosophers and radical critics, different strands of social science, including those using Foucault's governmentality approach, joined the questioning of the salience of 'society' and ideas of 'the social' over the last decades. When the social reappeared, it was often in the moral domains of community and civil society. This argument re-evaluates the contribution of Foucauldian histories, or 'genealogies', of the social to these fundamental questions. Drawing upon them, it attends to their arguments concerning the place of social thought on the modern episteme in relation to economics, the emergence of the idea of 'society' with the modern arts of government of the state, and the formation of the 'social question'. The argument here allows that preconditions of formation of 'society' lie in the legal and political techniques of the territorial sovereign state. However, the literature under investigation indicates the implicit normativity of an idea of 'society' as a 'problematic unity' and the enduring necessity of a social domain in a law-governed state with a relatively independent economic sphere. This discussion thus seeks to contribute to the wider revaluation and redeployment of these terms in today's context.     

福柯：传播的权力（n0─4376）

权力是福柯思想中的一个核心概念,权力渗透于文明和社会的每一个角落。在福柯一系列论著的论述中,权力是传播的,从传播的角度归纳起来,主要有三个方面：从传播的方式来考察,权力通过仪式来传播;从形式来考察,权力通过语符来传播;从媒介来考察,权力则在特定的空间中传播。通过考察权力的传播,可以发现权力是怎样影响社会和人们的观念。