农业龙头企业R＆D与企业成长关系研究

农业龙头企业在农业产业化经营中具有关键作用 ,对农业龙头企业如何实现持续成长的探讨 ,成了当前研究热点之一。文章主要从技术创新角度分析农业龙头企业成长 ,在已有研究基础上 ,探讨龙头企业R&D与企业成长之间的互动机理及其环境契合。认为 ,在一定条件下 ,农业龙头企业R&D与企业成长之间存在正反馈关系 ,契合的企业成长环境会加强二者的互动关系。     

两汉民俗区研究

民俗的重要特征是地域性,民俗区研究对研究区域历史文化有重要意义。自司马迁起,就开始将两汉民俗区划分为9个,后又有刘向、朱赣把全国划为13个民俗区,17个民俗亚区;今人周振鹤先生重新组合《汉书·地理志》的资料,把两汉民俗区划为三大民俗区域,16个民俗区,15个民俗亚区。以上划分法都有一定的缺憾,应划为四大民俗带:长城民俗带、黄河民俗带、长江民俗带、珠江民俗带。民俗区的形成有自然环境和政治环境的影响,相对南方而言,北方地区民俗受社会政治环境的影响更大一些。     

城市三维地层信息系统的提出与思考

根据城市建设的实际情况，阐述了建立三维地层信息系统的意义，并针对当前地理信息系统发展的状况，提出了建立城市三维地层信息系统的思路．     

跨国公司R＆D的全球性扩张：动因·特征·影响及对策

跨国公司进行全球性扩张,最为突出的表现是跨国公司R&D全球化趋势日益显现。跨国公司R&D的全球性扩张,既促进了我国经济的发展,提供了我国急需的资金和技术,增强了国内企业的竞争意识和国际竞争力,但同时对我国国家经济安全构成严重的威胁和挑战。我们应采取有效措施,利用跨国公司R&D对我国经济的积极作用,限制跨国公司R&D对我国经济发展的负面影响,以保持中国经济的持续健康成长。     

高管薪酬激励、战略差异与企业研发投入

文章选取2013—2018年A股共计1221家制造业上市企业的数据为研究样本,实证检验了高管薪酬激励、战略差异与企业研发投入的关系。研究发现:高管薪酬激励、战略差异都能显著促进企业研发投入;战略差异能够显著抑制高管薪酬激励对企业研发投入的促进作用。文章不仅丰富了高管薪酬的研究,还为制定企业战略,加大创新力度提供了参考,同时也丰富了企业研发投入影响因素的研究。     

外部融资方式、金融发展与中小企业创新

创新在我国经济发展的过程中有着不可忽视的作用,中小企业作为社会生产力的重要组成部分对推进我国创新水平的提高有着不可忽视的影响。以2011-2018年728家上市公司为样本,从直接和间接两种方式、规模和效率两个角度测量了金融发展,本文分析其对中小企业研发投入的影响,并在此基础上研究了不同外部融资方式在这一关系中的调节作用。结果表明：间接金融效率的发展有效促进了研发投入的提高;直接金融的发展没能发挥显著影响。外部融资方式方面,债权融资会削弱金融发展对研发投入的正向影响;股权融资的作用因金融发展程度的不同而不同。本研究为推进中小企业创新,促进金融结构优化提供了一定的经验证据。     

UNCERTAIN DEMAND,CONSUMER LOSS AVERSION,AND FLAT‐RATE TARIFFS

We consider a model of firm pricing and consumer choice, where consumers are loss averse and uncertain about their future demand. Possibly, consumers in our model prefer a flat rate to a measured tariff, even though this choice does not minimize their expected billing amount—a behavior in line with ample empirical evidence. We solve for the profit‐maximizing two‐part tariff, which is a flat rate if (a) marginal costs are not too high, (b) loss aversion is intense, and (c) there are strong variations in demand. Moreover, we analyze the optimal nonlinear tariff. This tariff has a large flat part when a flat rate is optimal among the class of two‐part tariffs.     

OUTSOURCING WHEN INVESTMENTS ARE SPECIFIC AND INTERRELATED

Using the universe of large Canadian manufacturing firms in 1988 and 1996, we investigate to what extent outsourcing patterns concord with the predictions of a simple property rights model. The unique availability of disaggregate information on outputs as well as inputs permits the construction of a detailed measure of vertical integration. We rely on five measures of technological intensity to proxy for investments that are likely to be specific to a buyer–seller relationship. A theoretical model that allows for varying degrees of investment specificity and interrelatedness—externalities between buyer and supplier investments—guides the analysis. Property rights predictions on the link between investment intensities and optimal ownership are strongly supported, but only for transactions with low interrelatedness. High specificity and low risk of appropriation strengthen the predictions in the model and in the data.     

在服装三维设计和模拟中的模型设计研究

模型的设计在三维服装设计和模拟中起着十分重要的作用.提高服装设计仿真的速度、改善仿真的效果都与模型的设计方法有着十分密切的关系.文章研究了建模的一般方法,并就网格边界线三维建模的数据计算和仿真问题进行了比较深入的探讨.     

Higher order moments of order statistics from INID symmetric random variables

In this paper we present analogues of Balakrishnan's (1989) relations that relate the triple and quadruple moments of order statistics from independent and nonidentically distributed (I.NI.D.) random variables from a symmetric distribution to those of the folded distribution. We then apply these results, along with the corresponding recurrence relations for the exponential distribution derived recently by Childs (2003), to study the robustness of the Winsorized variance.