Alone and adrift: The association between mass school shootings,school size,and student support

Background

School shootings have approached epidemic levels in recent years. While mental illness is undoubtedly involved in nearly all cases of mass school violence, we sought to determine how environmental context may exacerbate preexisting personal factors. The present study investigated the associations between mass school shootings, school enrollment size, student–teacher ratios, and student transitions.

Kind discipline: Developing a conceptual model of a promising school discipline approach

This formative evaluation develops a novel conceptual model for a discipline approach fostering intrinsic motivation and positive relationships in schools. We used concept mapping to elicit and integrate perspectives on kind discipline from teachers, administrators, and other school staff. Three core themes describing kind discipline emerged from 11 identified clusters: (1) proactively developing a positive school climate, (2) responding to conflict with empathy, accountability, and skill, and (3) supporting staff skills in understanding and sharing expectations. We mapped the identified components of kind discipline onto a social ecological model and found that kind discipline encompasses all levels of that model including the individual, relational, environmental/structural, and even community levels. This contrasts with the dominant individual-behavioral discipline approaches that focus on fewer levels and may not lead to sustained student and staff motivation. The findings illustrate the importance of setting and communicating clear expectations and the need for them to be collaboratively developed. Products of the analysis and synthesis reported here are operationalized materials for teachers grounded in a “be kind” culture code for classrooms.     

Correlates of perceived effectiveness of the Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative

A three-level growth-curve model was applied to estimate perceived impact growth trajectories, using multi-year data from project and school surveys on outcome and program implementation collected from 59 sites and approximately 1165 participating schools in the Safe Schools and Healthy Students Initiative. Primary interest is to determine whether and how project-level and school-level correlates affect schools’ perceptions of the Initiative's effectiveness over time when the effects of the pre-grant environmental conditions, grant operations, and near-term outcomes are considered. Coordination and service integration, comprehensive programs and activities for early childhood development, and change in school involvement were found to be significant predictors of school-perceived overall impact when the effect of poverty was considered. Partnership functioning, perceived importance of school resources, and school involvement were found to be significant predictors of school-perceived impact on substance use prevention when the effect of poverty was considered.     

关于乾嘉学派研究的几个问题

在中国学术史上,乾嘉学派活跃于18、19两个世纪间的学术舞台,其影响所及,迄于20世纪中而犹存。最近一二十年间,董理学术史之风复起,乾嘉学派研究成为学者关注的一个重要问题。本文对各位先进较多关心的几个问题进行探讨,旨在论证乾嘉学派如同历史上众多的学术流派一样,也有其个性鲜明的形成、发展和衰微的历史过程。准确地梳理和把握此一历史过程,或可窥见18、19世纪间,中国学术之演进脉络。     

美国教师专业发展学校对我国教育发展的经验与启示

产生于20世纪80年代末期的美国教师专业发展学校(Professional Development School,简称PDS)是由大学与中小学合作,以中小学为基地,融职前教师培养、在职教师培训和学校改革为一体的教师教育新模式,强调学校是教师专业发展的场所,关注大学与中小学的有效合作。本文主要新解美国教师专业发展学校(PDS)的成功经验并反思其教育性启示。     

School Choice in London and Paris – A Comparison of Middle‐class Strategies

Education is one major public service in which quasi‐markets and other choice‐based mechanisms are now established methods of delivery. The types of school people choose, and the extent to which their choices are realized, have a fundamental impact on the outcomes of any mechanism of school choice. In this article, we provide a comparative analysis of the school choice strategies of middle‐class families in London and Paris. We draw on approximately 200 in‐depth interviews carried out across the two cities. This enables us to investigate the extent to which middle‐class school choice strategies transcend the institutional context provided by both the local (state and private) schools market and national education policy in England and France. We discuss these findings in the context of current school choice policy and consider their implications for future policy design.     

学校社会工作介入中学心理咨询与辅导的必要性及介入措施的实务研究——以H市16所中学为例

青少年是一个具有较高智力,较高文化和较强自尊的特殊群体,正处于人格和性格的塑造期,他们大多数对人生、自我和复杂的社会缺乏深刻的认识,再加上其他客观原因的影响,青少年群体或多或少地受到心理问题的困扰,而当前中学心理咨询与辅导在硬件和软件方面存在着诸多不足。学校社会工作尊重每一个学生,注重人的潜能的开发与发展,具有自身一套独特的理论和工作方法,与当前的中学心理咨询与辅导相比,具有无可比拟的优势,所以强调和提出学校社会工作介入青少年心理健康辅导的优势及介入的措施显得尤为必要。     

章门弟子与近代个性解放思潮

在章太炎“依自不依他”之说的深刻影响下,鲁迅等章门弟子早在20世纪初就提出了“任个人而排众数”的个性解放主张。时至五四新文化运动,他们更是积极倡导个人自由,充分张扬了“新文化运动是人的运动”这一宗旨。今天看来,他们对个人自由的呼吁无疑是一种值得肯定的历史观,反映了他们对封建专制的深入批判和对社会进步的美好憧憬。而随着新文化运动的深入发展,章门弟子对个人主义的认识也不断趋于深化。     

儒学各主要宗派中的孔子形象

作为中国文化中的重要符号,“孔子”具有丰富内涵。经今文学、经古文学和宋学等儒学主要宗派,从不同方面推举、模塑孔子,形成了孔子形象的多方面含义。分析了解儒学各宗派有关孔子的认识和定位,不仅对于了解孔子,而且对于把握儒家和中国文化基本内容和主要特征,皆有意义。