住房需求的地位动机研究——基于中国城镇家庭数据的2SLS分析

2015年以来,房地产市场去库存问题已成为国内关注焦点。首次在经济增长模型中引入社会地位寻求动机,从理论上证明地位寻求动机的存在以及对住房需求的推动作用,然后借助中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS)作2SLS估计,研究表明:中国城镇家庭住房需求受到周围人群显著影响,且根据收入区分不同阶层时,中等收入家庭鉴于"高不成低不就"状态,地位攀比动机强于其他收入阶层,并引入基于不同类型参照组的敏感性检验和稳健性检验得到验证,为将住房需求激励政策定位于中等收入家庭提供可能依据。     

Bayesian adaptive patient enrollment restriction to identify a sensitive subpopulation using a continuous biomarker in a randomized phase 2 trial

With the development of molecular targeted drugs, predictive biomarkers have played an increasingly important role in identifying patients who are likely to receive clinically meaningful benefits from experimental drugs (i.e., sensitive subpopulation) even in early clinical trials. For continuous biomarkers, such as mRNA levels, it is challenging to determine cutoff value for the sensitive subpopulation, and widely accepted study designs and statistical approaches are not currently available. In this paper, we propose the Bayesian adaptive patient enrollment restriction (BAPER) approach to identify the sensitive subpopulation while restricting enrollment of patients from the insensitive subpopulation based on the results of interim analyses, in a randomized phase 2 trial with time‐to‐endpoint outcome and a single biomarker. Applying a four‐parameter change‐point model to the relationship between the biomarker and hazard ratio, we calculate the posterior distribution of the cutoff value that exhibits the target hazard ratio and use it for the restriction of the enrollment and the identification of the sensitive subpopulation. We also consider interim monitoring rules for termination because of futility or efficacy. Extensive simulations demonstrated that our proposed approach reduced the number of enrolled patients from the insensitive subpopulation, relative to an approach with no enrollment restriction, without reducing the likelihood of a correct decision for next trial (no‐go, go with entire population, or go with sensitive subpopulation) or correct identification of the sensitive subpopulation. Additionally, the four‐parameter change‐point model had a better performance over a wide range of simulation scenarios than a commonly used dichotomization approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

稀土Ce对新型铜基结合剂金刚石节块性能的影响

通过抗弯强度测试、显微硬度和扫描电镜研究新型铜基结合剂Cu53Sn21Fe20Ni6中添加Ce元素后组织和性能的变化.结果表明：稀土 CeO2的加入对结合剂胎体的各项性能及其组织的强化作用并不明显,反而不利于提升结合剂对金刚石颗粒的粘结性能和胎体的致密度,尤其是当含量高于0.8﹪时,结合剂烧结性能变差,胎体组织不均匀,但Ce的添加可以提高工具的锋利度和自锐性.当稀土Ce元素的含量低于0.6﹪时,弥散分布在结合剂中,可一定程度地提升胎体的显微硬度和抗弯强度.     

基于G1模糊评价法的尾矿库应急救援能力评估

为了能够对尾矿库的事故应急救援能力进行评估,文章依据相关文献和规范建立了尾矿库的应急救援能力评估指标体系。在此基础上,通过问卷调查法对某尾矿库各指标的实际状态进行了打分,并结合模糊评价法对统计结果进行了量化计算和分析。结果表明该尾矿库的应急救援能力处于中等水平,仍需进一步加强应急人员的培训演练及安全管理工作。     

Empirical-likelihood-based Test for Partially Linear Single-index Models with Error-prone Linear Covariates

In this article, we consider whether the empirical likelihood ratio (ELR) test is applicable to testing for serial correlation in the partially linear single-index models (PLSIM) with error-prone linear covariates. It is shown that under the null hypothesis the proposed ELR statistic follows asymptotically a χ²-distribution with the scale constant and the degrees of freedom. A comparison between the ELR and the normal approximation method is also considered. Both simulated and real data examples are used to illustrate our proposed methodology.     

高标准基本农田建设政策对粮食产能的影响

高标准基本农田建设既是国家制度安排,也是一种技术革新,体现在要素上的技术进步是高标准基本农田建设的本质。构建“制度+技术——粮食产能”的理论分析框架,采用连续型DID模型分析高标准基本农田建设政策实施对粮食产能的影响及作用机制。研究发现：其一,实施高标准基本农田建设政策显著提升了粮食产能,并且通过一系列稳健性检验结果依然显著。其二,异质性分析表明,相对于粮食主产区和平原地区,高标准基本农田建设政策实施对非粮食主产区和山地地区的粮食产能提升具有更高的边际贡献;政策实施对粮食数量和粮食质量均有提升作用,对粮食质量促进效果更明显;政策实施促进粮食主产区的粮食数量增加和非粮食主产区的粮食质量提升以及促进平原地区的粮食数量增加和山地地区的粮食数量、粮食质量双提升。其三,机制分析表明,高标准基本农田建设政策实施通过优化生产要素配置和促进农业规模经营从而提升粮食产能。     

Distributions of ratios of random variables from the power-quadratic exponential family and applications

We derive the closed form exact expression of the density of the ratio X ₁/X ₂, where X ₁ and X ₂ are independent and belong to the very versatile family of power-quadratic exponential distributions. The case of X ₂ as a gamma variable is studied in detail, and new applications found in different domains show the varied uses of the results presented.     

工业化过程中碳排放消费建设比的演变规律研究

本文从历史发展角度动态地考察了由投资和消费引发CO₂排放的变化规律,提出了碳排放中的消费型排放、建设型排放和消费建设比的概念,利用环境投入产出分析模型(EE-IOA)估计了处于不同工业化发展阶段的32个国家86组数据的消费型排放和建设型排放,得到了消费建设比在工业化过程中(包括后工业化时期)的演变规律。实证结果表明:随着工业化水平的提高,消费建设比呈上升趋势;应根据消费型排放和建设型排放的减排潜力,科学制定减排目标,更加注重引导消费者行为向绿色消费转变、依靠消费者力量促进企业节能减排。本研究对正确评价不同工业化发展阶段国家的排放水平和减排潜力,科学制定减排政策和目标具有重要意义。     

Analysis of Travel Times and CO2 Emissions in Time‐Dependent Vehicle Routing

Due to the growing concern over environmental issues, regardless of whether companies are going to voluntarily incorporate green policies in practice, or will be forced to do so in the context of new legislation, change is foreseen in the future of transportation management. Assigning and scheduling vehicles to service a pre‐determined set of clients is a common distribution problem. Accounting for time‐dependent travel times between customers, we present a model that considers travel time, fuel, and CO₂ emissions costs. Specifically, we propose a framework for modeling CO₂ emissions in a time‐dependent vehicle routing context. The model is solved via a tabu search procedure. As the amount of CO₂ emissions is correlated with vehicle speed, our model considers limiting vehicle speed as part of the optimization. The emissions per kilometer as a function of speed are minimized at a unique speed. However, we show that in a time‐dependent environment this speed is sub‐optimal in terms of total emissions. This occurs if vehicles are able to avoid running into congestion periods where they incur high emissions. Clearly, considering this trade‐off in the vehicle routing problem has great practical potential. In the same line, we construct bounds on the total amount of emissions to be saved by making use of the standard VRP solutions. As fuel consumption is correlated with CO₂ emissions, we show that reducing emissions leads to reducing costs. For a number of experimental settings, we show that limiting vehicle speeds is desired from a total cost perspective. This namely stems from the trade‐off between fuel and travel time costs.