社会性别意识下的农村流动妇女就业排斥研究

本文主要从社会性别意识的角度,结合目前农村女性外来务工者所受到的就业排斥现象,呈现对农村妇女就业进行排斥的主流性别意识,以及它如何使农村妇女对其进行内化而形成了自身的性别意识。重新审视现有的就业制度与主流性别意识之间的关系,关注农村流动妇女自身性别意识,有利于减轻并进一步消除农村流动妇女受到的就业排斥。     

Gender Pay Differentials in Portugal: Contributions to the Employment Policy Debate in the European Union

Since the implementation of the European Employment Strategy in the 1990s, the issue of gender gaps in the European Union labour markets has been granted a high profile. The Portuguese labour market has performed well on various indicators relating to gender equality, namely, participation and employment rates. Nevertheless, a persistent pay gap remains despite the recent evolution of the labour market, especially concerning the average education level of workers. This article investigates the main factors explaining the gender pay gap across two decades and the way those factors perform along time. We also discuss the means of closing the gap in the context of the European Employment Strategy, considering the lessons from other member states. We used wage decomposition techniques to analyse the relative importance of differences in the productive characteristics of workers, differences in the way men and women are distributed among jobs and the relative importance of discrimination practices. Our findings suggest that most of the pay gap is due to discrimination practices. Individual action by economic agents is insufficient to solve the persistent pay gap. Social partners must incorporate this issue within collective bargaining in order to construct an adequate strategy for reducing the gap, which can only be done by engaging men and women, employees and employers.     

Gender equity and women's contraception use

Gender equity describes the distribution between men and women of social and material resources and decision‐making powers. Women's experiences of gender equity are likely to influence their contraceptive use. Multilevel analysis of two databases: the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles from the United Kingdom and the United Nations' Fertility and Family Surveys, was undertaken to explore the association between gender equity measured at two spatial scales (small areas and countries) and women's contraception use. Results suggest that the spatial scale at which gender equity is considered is important. Gender equity was associated with contraception use at a local level, but not at the country level. Further, gender equity (at a local level) benefited women with less education in terms of increasing their likelihood of contraception use compared with more highly educated women. Results suggest gender equity is a potential pathway to reducing socio‐economic inequalities in health in developed settings.     

言语交际的性别差异(英文)

本文以语言学家和社会学家的研究成果为基础,依照心理学、交际学和伦理学,从社会语言学的角度对男女交际中的语言形式展开了研究,分析了男女之间存在的语言差异.文章指出男性和女性在语言方面所存在的差异是造成跨性别文化交际的障碍.同时也简要分析了造成差异的几方面原因及这一研究在跨性别交往中的重要性.     

以《到灯塔去》为例看家庭之于女性

在男权话语的框架内,女性生理上的特点与所谓的女性气质决定了女性在社会中的社会角色,于是家庭成为女性问题中不可回避的一个焦点。女性主义的研究成果表明,所谓的女性气质以及由此决定的女性被限制于家庭中的社会角色,是男权意识形态的具体体现,而伍尔夫在《到灯塔去》一书中通过对家庭生活的描述与分析,试图帮助女性摆脱家庭的束缚,从边缘走向中心,为研究女性与家庭提供了一个良好的文本。     

影响出生性别比的多因素解析

在以哺乳动物为例,探讨性别控制问题和性别决定机理的基础上,分别讨论了非人为影响子女性别的生物因素——家族遗传、水质、母亲激素水平、父母综合生理特征、自然流产次数、生育率变化和人为影响出生性别的非常规因素——中医药介入、酒精作用、生活条件、产妇年龄等,以期为研究和治理出生性别比偏高问题提供不同的视角和思路并引发新的认识和思考。     

少数民族地区妇女性别意识研究——以贵州道真、雷山两县已婚育龄妇女为例

基于社会性别理论,以贵州道真、雷山少数民族地区已婚育龄妇女为例,从家庭责任承担、家庭事务决策、家庭暴力认知、子女期望、村民自治参与、生殖健康意识和能力方面研究分析了少数民族地区已婚育龄妇女的社会性别意识,指出现代社会性别意识的构建需要社会、家庭和女性自身的共同努力,构建中还应注意借助民族地区社会民俗文化的传承教育功能。     

从《十亿之夜》看后现代语境下身份认同的复杂性

认同问题是当今世界的热点,而跨越不同国家和文化的女性写作所寻求的身份认同往往是多元认同的结合。本文力图通过对在阿拉伯国家甚至在西方世界都享有盛名的作家嘉黛最重要的作品之一《十亿之夜》的介绍,探讨后现代语境下身份认同的复杂性。     

Fathers' encounters with the Child Welfare Service

In this article, we examined fathers who were or had been in contact with the Child Welfare Services in Norway. All of the fathers included in this study had children with women who were unable to take care of them, either because of substance abuse or mental health problems. Hence, the fathers had the primary responsibility for the children. We looked at how these fathers experienced being met and assessed as caregivers by the Child Welfare Service, as well as how they experienced their own competency as caregivers. To explore these themes, seven fathers who were in contact with or had recently been in contact with the Child Welfare Service were interviewed. The discourses on fatherhood, inspired by Scourfield (2003), were used as a framework for the analysis, and interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the interviews. We found the fathers' experiences to be considered within the discourses on “fathers as a threat”, “fathers as irrelevant” and “fathers as better than mothers”. In addition, we shed light on topics such as the cultural lag, being single-handedly responsible for the children, and the fathers' views on what is important in their contact with the children.Our goal was to increase awareness about fathers who are in contact with the Child Welfare Service so that they are met in a way that helps to support them in their role as fathers for the benefit of their children.     

思想政治理论课实践教学资源建设的地域性别文化进路

思想政治理论课实践教学资源建设在社会性别视阈中呈现出明显的性别问题,地域性别文化为高校思想政治教育和社会性别教育的资源整合与建设提供了可行的路径选择,为提高思想政治理论课的针对性、适用性提供了有效途径和方法。