Goal Statements and Goal-Directed Behavior

Summary

Goal setting has consistently been shown to increase performance under specific conditions. These goal setting effects have previously been explored from both a cognitive perspective and in terms of traditional behavioral concepts. We highlight limitations of these approaches and propose a novel account based on Relational Frame Theory. This account focuses on both the content of goal statements and the contingencies that maintain goal-directed behavior. The content of goal statements is analyzed in terms of relational networks established for employees. We then detail how the current account explains the major effects noted in previous empirical studies. Two broad types of rule following contingencies that support goal-directed behavior, pliance and tracking, are then described. We then outline how these different types of contingencies results in the variety of goal-directed behavior observed in organizations. Throughout we relate this two-part approach to goal setting to specific recommendations for practice and future basic research.     

Linking Social Development with the Capacity to Carry Debt: Towards an MDG‐Consistent Debt‐Sustainability Concept

Owing to concerns among low‐income countries that the new debt sustainability framework of the Bretton Woods institutions may lock them into a so‐called ‘low debt‐low growth’ scenario, the United Nations has called for a more MDG‐consistent debt‐sustainability concept. This article shows that there is a robust relationship between achieving the Millennium Development Goals and having a higher capacity to carry debt. It then discusses options for modifying the current debt‐sustainability framework, and suggests that including progress made in achieving the MDGs in determining borrowing limits would be a first step towards adopting such a concept.     

浅析政府采购与中小企业的发展

近年来我国政府采购规模不断扩大,已成为我国较大的单一消费者。与大企业发展情况相比,中小企业的优势在于其活动的普遍性,它们分布在各个地区和各个领域,深深植根于民族经济的土壤之中。利用政府采购保护中小企业发展是各国政府采购的政策重点。     

巩固成绩 深化改革 提高质量 持续发展 创建有鲜明特色的应用型外语专业

本文简要总结了近三年的工作,统一认识,明确会后奋斗目标,提出了深化教学改革,提高教学质量,加强学生工作等措施,以确保应用型外语专业持续、稳定的发展。     

Millennium Development Goal Achievements and Policies in Education and Health: What Has Been Learnt?

This article reviews the effectiveness and efficiency of key policy instruments for MDG (Millennium Development Goals) achievement, focusing on the role of demand‐ and supply‐side factors in education and health‐service utilisation. It comes to the following conclusions. First, specific policy interventions can have a considerable impact on social‐service utilisation. Second, demand‐side policies have proved extremely effective in the education sector, but may need more consideration in the health sector. Third, policy effectiveness and efficiency are highly dependent on initial conditions and the specificities of the respective policy. Fourth, complementarities between MDG targets are likely to be very important.     

College Students’ Life Priorities: The Influence of Gender and Gender-linked Personality Traits

This study examined relations between gender-linked personality traits (i.e., agency and communion) and life goals in a sample of 237 undergraduates. In addition, gender similarities and differences in the relative importance of life goals were explored. As predicted, agency was positively associated with the importance of most achievement goals such as having a career, whereas communion and unmitigated communion were positively associated with the importance of relational goals such as romantic partnership. Contrary to predictions, results suggested that men were more willing than women to sacrifice some achievement goals for a romantic relationship. Findings point to the potential influence of gender and gender-linked personality traits on the establishment of life priorities. Catherine Mosher is a doctoral candidate in clinical psychology at the University at Albany, SUNY and a health psychology intern at Duke University Medical Center. She earned her master’s degree in clinical psychology from the University at Albany, SUNY.     

关于北华大学的断想

北华大学应时代发展之需要在世纪之交诞生了。它的奋斗目标是建设成为学科门类齐全，办学层次完备，学科专业有明显特色，教学、科研有较强实力的省属重点综合性大学。为完成这一目标，我们应该认清形势，克服困难，转变观念，锐意改革，探索一条高校合并发展的思路模式。     

One size does not fit all: Entrepreneurial families’ reliance on family offices

Family offices are organisations dedicated to the management of entrepreneurial families’ private wealth. Based on agency theory, we analyse types of family offices with regard to the families’ goals and the control mechanisms used to ensure goal achievement. Family-dominant management and private client structures involve stronger emphasis on non-financial goals in single and multi-family offices than in non-family-dominant management and open client structures. Variations in family involvement, ranging from family dominance to the complete absence of family ownership and/or management, and diverse client structures justify the differential reliance on formal and informal control mechanisms.     

更新观念 明确任务 真抓实干 把西昌学院建成知名的本科学院——在首届中层干部聘任大会上的讲话

报告针对西昌学院院情以及中层干部工作作风实际,明确了西昌学院办学指导思想和目标定位,提出了今后的发展战略和工作思路,要求首届中层领导转变观念,明确任务,改变工作作风,建章立制,坚持和落实"两个务必",营造良好的人际环境,把西昌学院建成知名的本科学院.