Discourses of Identity at the Spanish/Portuguese Border: Self-Identification Strategies of Centre and Periphery

This article examines the self-identification strategies that officials of two border towns use to characterise their respective localities. These strategies are considered relative to four theoretical paradigms used to analyse identity: centre-periphery, regionalist, essentialist and non-essentialist. Clear differences are revealed between the two towns, despite their similar geographical location at the periphery, general demographic features and shared history. In one case, the evidence suggests that the identity is centred locally and affirmed through daily behaviour or 'practices', while in the other, that the identity focus is regional and essentialist in nature.     

建筑人类学视野下的侗族建筑

侗族建筑的设计是一种不可思议、十分独特的营造活动.为了弄清楚侗族人民为什么能设计出如此独具特色的建筑,文章试从建筑人类学角度分析侗族建筑的设计理念及设计原则,并对侗族建筑的设计方法进行解析.     

论英国哥特式小说

在我国的英国文学研究方面,哥特式小说因被认为是英国小说发展的支流而受到忽视。哥特式小说是英国浪漫主义文学的催生因素之一,其影响延续至今。哥特式小说从诞生之日起就显示了特有的美学特征和影响。自华尔浦尔首创该类型小说后,哥特式小说就以哥特式历史小说、恐惧派哥特式小说和恐怖派哥特式小说三条线索并行交错地发展。本文探讨了哥特式小说的创作意图及其美学意义,哥特式小说与早期恐怖小说和浪漫主义文学的关系,着重分析了几位作家的哥特式小说代表作,阐明了哥特式小说对后世文学的影响。     

哥特小说美国化之探析

哥特小说作为一种文学类型,最初是18世纪欧洲作家藉此反抗外在的宗教和国家权力、反抗启蒙理性主义的表达方式,而美国哥特则是在美国未成熟的政治和文化背景中‘舶来’并在这种背景下经由独立创造后形成的一种原初类型。它追溯了哥特中的暴力根源不是通过个人心理或宗教冲突而是通过作为美利坚民族形成的初始框架中导向暴力的思考。通过将哥特符码置于美国历史发展的场景中,这种场景也就成为美国被压抑的历史记忆的民族叙事。     

建筑美学理论整体性框架研究

本文通过对于建筑艺术在实用、文化、纯美学三个方面的探讨,从不同的视角结合建筑实例,试图说明建筑美学的一般原则。     

Economic view of CIM system architecture

The synergistic advantage of systems integration for Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) has been a powerful thrust behind the productivity advancement in recent decades. However, the dependency among components, the intangible benefits and complexity of the system have been a barrier for system developers and the business community. This paper reports a systematic approach to assess economic merits of the CIM system. It projects CIM system designs on a multiple layer architecture with consideration of project life cycle. It introduces a modelling formalism to present a structured view of the economic aspect of the CIM system. The multiple criteria's aspect of CIM justification was treated with the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. The complexity of various cost factors is reduced through application of the ABC (Activity Based Costing) method. The benefits of low level activities, both tangible and intangible, are then hierarchically aggregated into higher level system objectives. It also provides the necessary linkages between the economic and other views. A simple example was used to illustrate the approach.     

艾米莉·勃朗特对哥特小说的创造性应用

在《呼啸山庄》中，艾米莉·勃朗特创造性地把哥特形式与激情内容完美结合起来，向人们揭示出人性的冲突，表现了人类悲痛与渴望的强烈主题。她对小说主题的深化，对主人公心理深度的开拓，对别样环境的刻画以及她别出心裁的叙事方法，使《呼啸山庄》超越了维多利亚文学主流，在英国文坛独具魅力。     

Designing Products for Adaptability: Insights from Four Industrial Cases

Developing products that are more easily adaptable to future requirements can increase their overall value. Product adaptability is largely determined by choices about product architecture, especially modularity. Because it is possible to be too modular and/or inappropriately modular, deciding how and where to be modular in a cost‐effective way is an important managerial decision. In this article, we gather data from four case studies to model effects of firms’ product architecture decisions at the component level. We optimize an architecture adaptability value (AAV) measure that accounts for both the benefits of more architecture options and the costs of interfaces. The optimal architecture prompted each firm to rearchitect an existing product to increase its expected future profitability. Several insights emerged from the case evidence during this research. (i) Although decomposing an architecture into an increasing number of modules increases product adaptability, the amount of modularity is an insufficient predictor of the adaptability value of a system. AAV, which also accounts for interface costs, provides an improved measure of appropriate modularity. (ii) Managers can influence the path of architectural evolution in the direction of increased value. This influence may diminish but does not disappear as products become more mature. Also, modularity and innovations coevolved, as the new modularizations suggested by AAV optimization prompted and guided searches for further innovations. (iii) When presented with the concepts of options, interface costs, and AAV, the firms’ designers and managers were initially skeptical. However, in each case, the modelers were able to rearchitect an actual product not only with increased AAV by our model (theoretical improvement) but also with actual future benefits for their firm. Postproject reports from each firm confirmed that the AAV modeling and optimization approaches were indeed helpful, equipping them to increase the adaptability, cost‐efficiency, lifespan, and overall value of actual products. The evidence suggests that firms can benefit from designing products for adaptability, but that how they do so matters. This study expands our understanding of modularity and adaptability by illuminating managerial decisions and insights about appropriate approaches to each.     

回族古代宗教建筑的文化艺术特征

本文通过对以清真寺、拱北为代表的回族宗教建筑的考察,目的在于研究回族古代建筑文化的演进过程及艺术特征。一些有着共同宗教信仰的少数民族,其民族文化的特征很多是体现在宗教上,其文化传承和交流也往往以宗教为载体。正是从这个视角,本文认为,中国古代回族清真寺、拱北等建筑形制及装饰特征由初期的阿拉伯风格到中国传统殿宇式建筑群风格的变化,从一个侧面证实了在回族形成过程中伊斯兰文化中国化的演变。