政府研发资助是否有利于撬动跨境投资的技术创新溢出？——基于IFDI与OFDI双向演化的新视角

如何通过政府研发资助撬动跨境投资的技术创新溢出是新时代深化全面开放和创新驱动的关键所在。本文以IFDI和OFDI双向演化视角,揭示了跨境投资技术创新溢出的逻辑关系以及政府研发资助的动态调节机制。以介质影响门槛模型和省级面板数据实证研究发现：IFDI技术创新溢出是一个由强到弱的过程,而OFDI技术创新溢出呈现出先抑后扬的“U”型规律;政府研发资助对双向跨境投资技术创新溢出具有显著而不同的门槛影响,当研发资助强度高于0.2491时,能够撬动IFDI技术创新溢出;研发资助强度高过0.2501时,能够有效释放OFDI技术创新溢出,相较而言对“走出去”的创新驱动更为有力。相应结论在合理的内生性检验和稳健性检验时依然成立。通过进一步研究发现,政府研发资助对双向跨境投资技术创新溢出的调节影响存在一定的空间异质性,特别是在东中西部地区呈现出较为复杂的演化特征。由此为提高政府研发资助效率,双向撬动跨境投资的技术创新溢出红利,提出了动态优化、分区调节的系统策略。     

试论1918-1920年北洋政府与俄关系

俄国十月革命后,北洋政府面临如何处理与旧俄政权的关系问题。军阀控制的北洋政府意图取消同旧俄政权的关系,并为此作了努力,其中包括停付庚子赔款、停止旧俄使领待遇及收回旧俄租界、旧俄驻华使领馆等。因列强公使团干涉,北洋政府的行动未取得预期效果;但行动本身对于中国与苏俄关系的发展起到了一定的促进作用。     

开创文学审美的新时代--谈长篇小说《国家干部》的艺术特色

张平的长篇小说《国家干部》所反映的是共产党如何为人民执好政、掌好权这一敏感题材,它把主人公放在大时代的血与火的较量中,通过与党内宗族势力形成的关系网进行的较量,从深层次挖掘了主题。在艺术构思上,这部小说赞颂了党性美、人性美、人格美,谱写了一曲美的颂歌。     

Development of a participatory monitoring and evaluation strategy

This paper describes the process of developing a participatory monitoring and evaluation strategy for a Kenyan youth-based NGO. The iterative nature of the study including the process of narrowing down indicators to measure and methods to monitor/evaluate these is well documented. A discussion on the extent to which the process achieved participation and was empowering for the participants reflects on existing power relationships and cultural context of Kenya and points to the need to create opportunities for youth where they engage with the broader community. Lessons that emerge out of the study focus on the importance of prioritizing monitoring and evaluation, the potential of youth to carry out effective monitoring and evaluation, and the need for researchers to engage respectfully with communities and participants.     

农民专业合作社参与新型职业农民培育研究

新型职业农民培育是当前政府的一项重要工作。将农民专业合作社纳入到新型职业农民培育体系当中,可以充分发挥其既联系农民又参与市场运作的优势,提高新兴职业农民培育的实效性。但农民专业合作社参与新型职业农民培育也存在着农户覆盖率低、成员文化水平低、运作不规范等方面的制约因素。最后提出通过政府、农业教学科研单位的支持,农民专业合作社自身规范化建设等方面的努力来推动农民专业合作社参与新兴职业农民培育工作。     

“废盟”与“废省”：国民政府时期知识界的内蒙古省制化之争

国民政府时期,知识界对内蒙古省制化问题高度关注,他们就内蒙古社会治理是“分省自治”还是“单一自治”、族群管理是采取“属地主义”还是“属人主义”、行政建制是废盟旗还是废省县等问题展开了不大不小的争论,其核心是以区域主义还是族际主义来治理内蒙古的问题。20世纪知识界的内蒙古省制化之争已基本淡出了人们的视野,然而,以公民平等还是族群平等来解决边疆问题,是一个至今仍有意义的政治问题。     

民国中央少数民族教育政策研究述评

近年来关于边疆民族地区的教育早期现代化研究渐已成为中国近代史研究的重要课题。民国中央政府重视边疆民族地区社会、经济和文化事业的发展问题,在历史上创造性地将边疆民族地区学校教育和民众教育的普及工作纳入国家正规教育体系,并作为一项专门的社会事业以有别于古代文教政策语境,制定系统的少数民族教育政策来予以推进。本文从边疆教育史、民族教育史、地方断代史、政策专题研究等四条研究路径概述学界对民国中央少数民族教育政策研究的进展情况,并讨论了课题研究的不足和后续研究的方向。     

Sequential and Simultaneous Decision Making for Optimizing Health Care Resource Flexibilities

Health care administrators commonly employ two types of resource flexibilities (demand upgrades and staffing flexibility) to efficiently coordinate two critical internal resources, nursing staff and beds, and an external resource (contract nurses) to satisfy stochastic patient demand. Under demand upgrades, when beds are unavailable for patients in a less acute unit, patients are upgraded to a more acute unit if space is available in that unit. Under staffing flexibility, nurses cross‐trained to work in more than one unit are used in addition to dedicated and contract nurses. Resource decisions (beds and staffing) can be made at a single point in time (simultaneous decision making) or at different points in time (sequential decision making). In this article, we address the following questions: for each flexibility configuration, under sequential and simultaneous decision making, what is the optimal resource level required to meet stochastic demand at minimum cost? Is one type of flexibility (e.g., demand upgrades) better than the other type of flexibility (e.g., staffing flexibility)? We use two‐stage stochastic programming to find optimal resource levels for two nonhomogeneous hospital units that face stochastic demand following a continuous, general distribution. We conduct a full‐factorial numerical experiment and find that the benefit of using staffing flexibility on average is greater than the benefit of using demand upgrades. However, the two types of flexibilities have a positive interaction effect and they complement each other. The type of flexibility and decision timing has an independent effect on system performance (capacity and staffing costs). The benefits of cross‐training can be largely realized even if beds and staffing levels have been determined prior to the establishment of a cross‐training initiative.     

北洋政府时期的农村与农民———以战乱和灾荒为研究视角

北洋政府时期,军阀为维护统治,满足其军费开支,过度剥削农民,田赋杂税猛如虎。由于军阀的割据战争和泛滥的匪患,中国农村俨如一个兵匪的王国。 加之该时期天灾不断,而预防、救济皆不到位,农村遍地灾荒、连年灾荒。 天灾人祸相交,致使北洋政府时期农村经济普遍衰落,农民命悬一线。知识分子、国民党等尝试提出了各自振兴农村的方案和策略,但都以失败而告终。 直到中国共产党诞生后,提出土地革命政策,才寻找到了一条真正能解放农村的新道路,农村社会才迎来了发展的新时机。     

Covid-19 in Central America: Firm resilience and policy responses on employment

This paper examines how government support interacts with firm-level resilience capabilities in the reduction of layoffs among formal firms in Central America. Our analysis suggests that government support measures play a role in reducing the probability of layoffs among firms with only dynamic resilience capabilities (i.e., those that are developed after the pandemic onset). The effect of government support is not statistically different from the effect of static resilience capabilities alone (i.e., those that were present before the pandemic); thus, in firms with such capabilities, the effect of government support will be marginal. These results hold across sectors - exhibiting a marginally higher treatment effect in service sectors. Our results do not imply that Covid-19 supportive measures are to be disregarded, but instead raise the question of how government support policies could improve the allocation of support among firms in times of crises. Moreover, it underlines the necessity of policies that enhance resilience more broadly – a task that hints at structural issues and requires continuous government support in lieu of ad-hoc measures.