保定商会、同业公会与国民政府关系探析(1928—1937)

1928年之前,国民政府在保定商界没有组织基础。北伐之后,国民政府为完成对保定商会、同业公会的组织、改组,当局充分借助于保定商会来施加影响,保定商会充分发挥了"上传下达"的作用;保定同业公会是保定商会的基层组织,两者密不可分;当局通过完善立法,给予保定商会、同业公会制度性空间,保证了其独立性、自主性的的空间。     

Interest distribution in the process of coordination of urban and rural construction land in China

Since the onset of rapid economic development and urbanization, China’s land resources—rather than capital, technology and human resources—have become the lead limiting factor in constraining economic growth. Coordination of urban and rural construction land (CURCL) can be a very effective means for reducing conflicts between economic development and land protection. This research examines the roles of stakeholders involved in the CURCL process. The reasons why the interests of legitimated stakeholders were encroached upon are analyzed and countermeasures to protect the interests of legitimated stakeholders are proposed. Ambiguously defined property rights for owners of rural construction land, unclear conceptions of the public interest, and overlap of power and interest among multiple levels of authority are the reasons why legitimated stakeholders’ interests were encroached upon. Legitimizing construction land ownership clearly, better defining the multiple conceptions of public interest, opening up express channels for expression of the public interest, and clarifying governments’ functions in land interest adjustment are the countermeasures to protect the interests of legitimated stakeholders.     

Implications for Practice: Exploring the Impacts of Government Contracts on Refugee Settlement Services in Rural and Urban Australia

This article presents the findings from a small qualitative study of Refugee Settlement Service (RSS) workers under Australia’s Humanitarian Settlement Services and Settlement Grants Program. Managers and front-line workers from five Refugee Settlement Services in rural and urban New South Wales were interviewed to examine the impact of new Government funding structures and contracts on the delivery of services and supports to newly arrived refugees. The comparative findings show that the Government’s contractual arrangements impact Refugee Settlement Services in different ways; ultimately prioritising market-like structures and undermining their core service roles. We argue that improving the relationship between Government and Refugee Settlement Services is critical to successful refugee settlement.

IMPLICATIONS

• Successful refugee settlement requires greater flexibility and responsiveness in rural and urban Refugee Settlement Service (RSSs).

• RSSs require increased autonomy and control over funding to enable locally responsive service provision for newly arrived refugees.

     

当代中国行政发展:逻辑的与历史的统一

改革开放以来,经济体制的转轨推动着当代中国社会的转型,在社会转型的背景下要求政府的行政发展.行政发展不是政府的某一方面的变革,而是以现代行政价值为导向的系统化、综合性的发展,这种发展可以表述为政府转型.政府转型是从以往的传统化的国家取向型的政府转向社会取向型政府,其实质和目标为建立现代政府制度.     

比较视野下的中国政府官员规模研究

舆论普遍认为中国政府"机构庞大,人员臃肿"。通过国际比较发现,经济发展水平、城乡社会结构、政府能力以及政府职能、政府财力、公务员薪酬水平等是制约政府官员规模的主要因素。中国在政府官员规模方面的主要问题不是绝对规模过大,而是比例、结构不合理和"运行性过剩"。对政府官员规模的研究,要打破"数量屏障"的思维定势,理性分析政府发展中的深层次问题,短期"适度从紧",有条件时"适度扩张",要重视调整公务员在政府部门之间的配比关系。     

从天子、霸主、诸侯的关系论共主政治秩序在东周的演变

东周会盟争霸的结果是形成了“天子——霸主——诸侯”这样的新的等级秩序关系,这既是对西周共主政治秩序的继续和发展,更是对它的否定,并且为先秦共主政体的早期国家形态向秦汉以后中央集权的大一统的成熟国家形态过渡准备了政治、经济、军事、文化等方面的条件,有着重要的历史意义。     

价格管制、行政垄断及利益集团的博弈——中国转型时期蚕茧价格管制的原因分析

中国转型时期,在大多数农产品价格逐渐放开的同时,蚕茧、烟草等农产品的价格一直受到政府管制。为了达到控制农产品价格的目的,政府还不得不把对价格的管制,扩大到对产品流通乃至整个产业经营和流通的管制。本文对中国转型时期蚕茧价格管制的分析表明,蚕茧价格管制的实质是行政垄断,而行政垄断的原因在于转型过程中政府、企业与农民之间的博弈及其结果。     

Enhancing community-based organizations’ capacity for HIV/AIDS education and prevention

The catalytic potential of community-based organizations to promote health, prevent disease, and address racial, ethnic, and socio-economic disparities in local communities is well recognized. However, many CBOs, particularly, small- to medium-size organizations, lack the capacity to plan, implement, and evaluate their successes. Moreover, little assistance has been provided to enhance their capacity and the effectiveness of technical assistance to enhance capacity is likewise limited. A unique private–academic partnership is described that simultaneously conducted program evaluation and addressed the capacity needs of 24 CBOs funded by the Pfizer Foundation Southern HIV/AIDS Prevention Initiative. Assessments of key program staff members at 12 and 18 months after the initial cross-site program assessment survey indicated a significant improvement in the CBOs’ knowledge, skills, and abilities and a substantial reduction in their technical assistance needs for HIV/AIDS prevention. Full participation of CBOs in technical assistance and a concurrent empowerment evaluation framework were necessary to enhance prevention capacity.     

抗战时期国民政府的合作社经济政策

抗战时期,国民政府将合作社纳入战时经济体制,积极制定诸多扶助性政策,从法律、金融、人力、组织等层面为合作社经济的发展创造条件。尽管国民政府的战时合作社政策存有一定不足,但总体看来对于促进经济的发展和稳定以及支援抗战,具有不可忽视的积极意义。     

民初北京政局与紫禁城“甲子复辟”

辛亥革命后,北洋政府的统治名为民主共和政府,实为军阀势力之下的专制政府。新政权下军阀将获取利益奉为圭臬,向旧势力的妥协为复辟活动提供可能性;建立在封建统治基础之上的礼仪和心态,成为复辟派活动的思想动力。