论民事证据规则实施中存在的问题及完善

民事证据规则体现了先进法律文化和现代司法价值理念,但其实施的外部条件不够,规则自身也存在不足。正视问题,对民事证据规则坚持和改进,建立相关配套制度和措施,是完善我国民事证据制度的途径。     

中国知识界对议会政治的认知与民国政制的演变

中国人对于议会政治的认识深深影响着民国政制的演化。“议会救国论”、“议会万能论”是清末思想界的主流 ,章太炎、孙中山等则已对议会政治有所批评。民国初年移植议会政治体制引发种种弊端 ,使中国知识界议会观发生逆转 ,“议会破产论”论、“议会过时论”兴盛一时 ,不少人一方面关注西方改造代议制的新趋势 ,一方面反思中国传统政治制度可以古为今用之处 ,提出改造代议制的各色方案。南京政府抛弃议会政治的外壳、试行党治失败的同时 ,西方改造代议制的浪潮也已暴露出问题 ,人们开始进入对于改造代议制的反思期 ,“重回代议制”成为 2 0世纪三四十年代宪政运动的主题。中国知识界的议会观的演变遵循着制度决定论与实用主义逻辑 ,社会进化论与理性主义崇拜则是其哲学基础。民主观念的激进化 ,是中国移植西式民主制度失败的思想原因之一     

Predictors of Parental Risk Perceptions: The Case of Child Pedestrian Injuries in School Context

The objective of this article is to explore the factors that influence parental risk perceptions of child pedestrian injuries in the elementary school context. Parents (n= 193) from six different schools responded to a questionnaire on road safety, including a measure of their risk perception. Results of bivariate analyses show that eight variables are significantly related to risk perception. Environmental variables, as we measure them, were not significant, contrary to our initial hypotheses. Only three variables, parent's gender, perceived primary source of danger, and sense of control remained significant in OLS regression analyses (adjusted R² of 0.16, F= 9.27; p= 0.00). Since parents’ perceptions of road risks are an important factor in their road safety practices and in their choice of transportation mode used for their child's journey to school, our analysis elucidates factors underlying these choices. Our results can help decisionmakers to design traffic injury prevention measures and to promote physical activity through the use of active modes of transport.     

国家和政府资产负债表研究

编制国家和政府资产负债表,可以摸清"家底",提高财政管理透明度;可以分析政府资产与负债的结构、比例、期限,揭示政府债务风险;可以借由资产负债表的可持续性保证经济发展的可持续性。探索编制国家资产负债表和建立权责发生制的政府综合财务报告制度,就要研究制定《政府会计准则》,加快政府会计制度的改革,严格界定资产负债表与表内项目的范围,尽快编制国家和政府资产负债表并予以公布,发挥政府资产负债表对中长期财政的预测作用,并加强对政府资产负债表的审计监督。     

Assessing safety at the end of clinical trials using system organ classes: A case and comparative study

Recent approaches to the statistical analysis of adverse event (AE) data in clinical trials have proposed the use of groupings of related AEs, such as by system organ class (SOC). These methods have opened up the possibility of scanning large numbers of AEs while controlling for multiple comparisons, making the comparative performance of the different methods in terms of AE detection and error rates of interest to investigators. We apply two Bayesian models and two procedures for controlling the false discovery rate (FDR), which use groupings of AEs, to real clinical trial safety data. We find that while the Bayesian models are appropriate for the full data set, the error controlling methods only give similar results to the Bayesian methods when low incidence AEs are removed. A simulation study is used to compare the relative performances of the methods. We investigate the differences between the methods over full trial data sets, and over data sets with low incidence AEs and SOCs removed. We find that while the removal of low incidence AEs increases the power of the error controlling procedures, the estimated power of the Bayesian methods remains relatively constant over all data sizes. Automatic removal of low-incidence AEs however does have an effect on the error rates of all the methods, and a clinically guided approach to their removal is needed. Overall we found that the Bayesian approaches are particularly useful for scanning the large amounts of AE data gathered.     

基于利益视角的“新农保”政策过程分析——以民族地区为例

基于公共政策的利益视角,以民族地区为例,分析了新农保政策实施过程中可能出现的居民家庭、集体、地方政府和中央政府等多维利益主体之间的利益矛盾,并进一步探讨新农保政策利益主体与利益客体的利益运动过程。在此基础上充分利用公共管理工具,在促进经济发展的宏观环境下应对新农保政策的适应性调整。     

Copyright regulations as political and economic leverage: the case of the online video industry of China

The recent popularity of video websites has transformed video copyright into one of the most critical issues in regulating the online video industry, especially in countries where video websites have started to thrive because of loose copyright regulations and low public consciousness of copyrights. This study explores copyright regulations in the emerging video website market in China, their objectives and measures, and their effects on the industrial outlook of China. Copyright has been used as political and economic leverage in regulating and shaping the video website market, thereby transforming this industry from an unrestrained Internet medium into a politically obedient and profit-driven business. The consequences of this transformation are analyzed and discussed.     

Institutionalized Ignorance as a Precondition for Rational Risk Expertise

The present case study seeks to explain the conditions for experts’ rational risk perception by analyzing the institutional contexts that constitute a field of food safety expertise in Denmark. The study highlights the role of risk reporting and how contextual factors affect risk reporting from the lowest organizational level, where concrete risks occur, to the highest organizational level, where the body of professional risk expertise is situated. The article emphasizes the role of knowledge, responsibility, loyalty, and trust as risk‐attenuation factors and concludes by suggesting that the preconditions for the expert's rationality may rather be a lack of risk‐specific knowledge due to poor risk reporting than a superior level of risk knowledge.     

基于关联耦合法的水体污染公共安全事件诱发耦合模式研究

多因素的复杂耦合作用是水体污染公共安全事件诱发过程中的强大动力，运用关联耦合法，从宏观的关联耦合向量和中观的关联耦合变量两个层次梳理了水体污染公共安全事件诱因结构，并在此基础上分析得出了诱发因素之间的五种耦合作用方式。研究最后以松花江水污染事件为例，剖析上述五种耦合方式的变迁作用如何逐步推动事件的演化和发展。     

政府规制低碳经济发展的分析与思考

政府规制与发展低碳经济有着密切的联系。文章研究并总结了发达国家发展低碳经济的成功的经验与做法，从战略规划、法律法规、激励与约束政策、技术创新、舆论引导等角度探讨了中国发展低碳经济的战略对策，重点从制定基于区域经非均衡的碳减排规划、法律法规体系应关注延伸生产者责任、通过税收和补贴增加低碳产品供给、技术创新中政府必须保护创新企业的竞争优势和垄断红利、依托非政府组织引导低碳消费并构建低碳经济利益相关体系等方面提出了对策建议。