1980年代“译介热”与中国审美话语的本体自律

20世纪80年代的“译介热”通过引进西方现代文论资源,实现了对政治意识形态“工具论”“反映论”的反拨与对抗,与此同构的是审美自律的进程和审美本体的建构.“审美自律论”和“方法多元论”成为“译介热”的两个主要支点,共同参与现代性人学启蒙,促使了现代派文学的文本发现与形式自律.“审美自律论”促使了审美活动从外部的“他律”转向了审美的“自律”,形式主义文论、结构主义文论等在译介热中引入中国,纷纷促使了美学和文学批评从外部转向内部、从内容转向形式、从思想内涵转向话语革命.同时也直接启发了中国现代派文学和先锋小说的创作,激活了新时期以来潜藏的“形式化”冲动,从而使得形式和语言实验在80年代中后期的文学创作中焕发出愈加重要的作用.     

《尚书·洪范》与公羊“大一统”思想——以“建用皇极”与“正五始”为中心

作为公羊学的核心内容之一,“大一统”说与《尚书·洪范》的“建用皇极”说有着深刻的思想关联。首先,二者皆以“君极”之立作为王道之行的关键因素;其次,二者皆以“王正”作为“君极”之立的基本前提,且谓基于此,“一统”之义方得成立;再次,二者皆蕴含了改元立制以厚养万民之义。无论是“一统”说还是“皇极”论,固然均表现出鲜明的尊君色彩,但二者所强调的“归元”或“君极”思想实则又内涵着抑君乃至“革命”之意。因此,“大一统”并非简单地意味着思想、观念、文化、制度等方面的绝对统一化,而“皇极”论也并非主张君主专制。在儒家看来,君王之于天下人心,本质上不过起着召唤与凝聚的作用。     

18世纪朝鲜北学思想探源

18世纪朝鲜北学思想堪称朝鲜走向近代社会的前奏.它主要是在部分朝鲜入华燕行使臣深切感受到清初中国政治稳定、人民生活繁盛、文化事业发达的过程中逐渐形成的,更准确地说是在使臣为解决其传统华夷观与现实所产生的矛盾中,在其"攘清夷"观逐渐被打破的过程中形成的.虽然它率先提出打破"华夷之辨"的口号,但根本上还是对中国传统儒家文化认同的一种回归.     

A DISCRETE DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR MADE-TO-ORDER COST ANALYSIS

A model is presented that yields optimal production rates for a firm producing a contracted order. The model is unique in that it considers the influence of production rate and learning on total program cost. An application to the specific characteristics of two military production programs is presented. As demonstrated by the application, models of this type may be used as decision-making tools when negotiating the cost impact of contract modifications.     

USING AN UNCERTAINTY MODEL TO ASSESS SALES RESPONSE TO ADVERTISING*

Implications of a probabilistic “random walk” model of incremental sales response to advertising are developed for various timing patterns of advertising expenditures. Maximum likelihood procedures for assessing advertising effectiveness and for estimating a decay (forgetting) rate are developed and applied to artificial data of known configuration and are used to assess the impact over time of a brochure program on mail-order sales. Results are also compared to those from alternative models involving various lag patterns in advertising effects.     

试析"大跃进"时期农村公共食堂的兴起——以徐水县为例

农村公共食堂是1958年兴起的人民公社化运动的重要内容,是一种曾经轰轰烈烈地改变中国农民传统生活方式的"新生事物".它从1958年夏季的迅速兴起到1961年夏季的倏然解散,走过了四载的起伏曲折的历程.本文将在以往研究成果的基础上对人民公社化运动的典型区域--徐水县的农村公共食堂的兴起过程进行描述和解读,希冀对其进一步系统地研究有所裨益.     

Industrial relations and adjustments to the crisis: A comparative micro‐statistical analysis of France and Great Britain

In this comparative study, the authors analyse the relationships between industrial relations and workforce or wage adjustments in response to the 2007–08 crisis, using two highly comparable establishment‐level surveys conducted in Great Britain (WERS) and France (REPONSE) in 2010–12. Notwithstanding contextual differences in the countries’ productive systems and the timing and impact of the crisis, the relationships between industrial relations and adjustment strategies appear to have been similar (trade union presence not preventing adjustments). Differences in industrial relations are therefore not found to provide an explanation for the different modes of adjustment observed at the macroeconomic level.     

Friends and family: regulation and relationships on the locked ward

This ethnographic project explored the lives of women with learning disabilities on three locked wards. Aspects of these women’s lives were regulated by the service; in particular, relationships with family outside the unit, and peer relationships inside the unit. The women in this study valued these relationships, but they were treated with ambivalence by the service. Success in future community integration and accessing community resources can be dependent on the nature and quality of relationships with others, and therefore services should acknowledge that service-users need to forge relationships of their own choosing.     

What Helped Nonprofits Weather the Great Recession?

This study examined the effectiveness of several financial strategies for nonprofit organizations in fighting the Great Recession. Using data from human services and community improvement organizations in the state of New Jersey, we tested hypotheses about the relationships between three measures of financial sustainability and various fundraising efforts and financial indicators. We found that (1) except for strong external funding relationships, funding efforts were generally not effective in enhancing financial sustainability during the crisis; (2) higher operating margin and equity ratio improved an organization's ability to generate revenue and maintain expense levels, but higher debt ratio and administrative cost ratio were generally harmful; and (3) revenue diversification might aggravate fiscal stress and cause more expense cuts in a severe crisis. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanics of nonprofit management during times of harsh fiscal conditions and suggest useful ways for nonprofit organizations to navigate future financial crises.     

论康有为《大同书》中的素质教育思想

康有为在《大同书》中提出针对人口不同年龄阶段的身心特点施以不同的教育引导,将大同社会的教育分为前后衔接的五阶段;他提倡五育并重,德育为先。康有为的素质教育思想体现出人本主义和新伦理主义的色彩,具有深远的人口学和教育学意义,对于我们当前提倡的素质教育仍具有可资借鉴的时代价值。