退耕还林工程经济影响结构性分析

当今,国家正处于调整与完善退耕还林后续政策的关键时期。作为国家的一项重大生态工程,退耕还林实施后的经济影响将关系到工程的长期持续发展。本文利用2003年与2005年对陕西、甘肃与四川3个试点省份的跟踪调查数据,通过样本分类,采用实证模型的研究方法分析了退耕还林对不同收入水平、不同收入结构的退耕户所产生的经济影响。研究表明,工程实施6年来,在促进农民总收入增加方面作用甚微,并且在很大程度上降低了农民的种植业收入,但工程却显著地促进了农村劳动力的转移。同时,如果不考虑时间效应,工程并没有瞄准相对贫穷或富裕的农户;如果考虑时间效应,工程对低收入退耕户,特别是以种植业收入为主的低收入退耕户产生了更加不利的影响。因此,国家在后续政策的制定中,应该更加关注这一部分农户的后续生计问题。     

做好“绿箱”与“黄箱”文章——谈对中国农业的支持

中国加入WTO意味着政府对农业的支持政策要作重大调整,政策调整的基本取向是打“规则”牌,充分利用WTO的“绿箱”和“黄箱”政策,加大政府对农业的支持力度,从根本上提高中国农业的竞争力。     

积极应对绿色贸易壁垒对我国贸易的影响

绿色贸易壁垒是对自由贸易形成障碍的一种非关税措施,通常成为发达国家用于限制发展中国家对外贸易的技术手段。绿色贸易壁垒自身的特点,决定其对我国进出口贸易也带来巨大影响。为了在国际贸易中获得更多主动,也为了绿色循环经济的发展,我国政府、企业、商会都应当积极应对。     

价格促销的折扣量影响品牌资产的实证研究

品牌资产是企业最宝贵的无形资产，其来源是企业的营销组合策略。价格促销对品牌资产有着重要的影响作用。本文以实证研究的方法，从感知质量、购买意向和品牌忠诚三个维度研究了价格促销的折扣量对品牌资产的影响。研究结果发现：深度折扣的价格促销对消费者的感知质量和品牌忠诚有负面的影响，但对提高购买意向有一定的积极作用。同时，深度折扣的价格促销使得消费者对品牌资产的评价明显降低。最后，进一步讨论了研究结论和今后研究的方向。     

论中国在多哈回合农业谈判中国内支持立场

农产品贸易政策改革一直是WTO新一轮多边贸易谈判最突出的难题之一,由于WTO成员的农产品贸易地位不同,因而在开放农产品市场方面的利害关系也不同。介绍了多哈回合谈判焦点之一的农业谈判中国内支持问题,在分析目前农业支持的政策和执行出现的问题后,对中国在加入WTO后第一次参与多边谈判的立场提出了若干建议。     

西部大开发与绿色营销

西部地区生态环境十分脆弱 ,环境污染问题严重 ,且远离目前国家的经济中心 ,西部地区自然条件和经济社会发展的特殊性 ,要求我们在西部大开发中 ,企业必须以生态环境建设、保护环境、节约资源为出发点 ,而绿色营销是实现西部可持续发展的最佳途径     

安徽省农业绿色全要素生产率测度及影响因素研究

基于SBM模型和ML指数测度安徽省16个地级市2002-2017年农业绿色全要素生产率,并对其影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明：安徽省农业绿色全要素生产率增长缓慢,绿色技术效率缺乏改善,绿色技术进步是农业绿色全要素生产率的主要推动力;农业绿色全要素生产率存在区域差异,呈现中间高、两头低的特征。农业产业结构和经济发展水平水平对农业绿色全要素生产率有显著正向作用,机械化水平则阻碍了农业绿色技术进步指数的增长。据此,为进一步推进安徽省农业现代化,应优化农业产业结构、提高农业技术创新以提高农业绿色全要素生产率。     

Green facades—a view back and some visions

Building facades are under permanent environmental influences, such as sun and acid rain, which age and can ultimately destroy them. Living wall systems can protect facades and offer similar benefits to those gained from installing a green roof. A view back in history shows that vegetated facades are not new technology but can offer multiple benefits as a component of current urban design. In the 19th century, in many European and some North American cities, woody climbers were frequently used as a cover for simple facades. In Central Europe in the 1980s a growing interest in environmental issues resulted in the vision to bring nature into cities. In many German cities incentive programmes were developed, including some that supported tenant initiatives for planting and maintaining climbers in their backyards and facades. Since the 1980s, research has been conducted on issues such as the insulating effects of plants on facades, the ability of plants to mitigate dust, plants’ evaporative cooling effects, and habitat creation for urban wildlife, including birds, spiders and beetles. The aim of this paper is to review research activities on the green wall and facade technology with a focus on Germany. The potential of green facades to improve urban microclimate and buildings’ ecological footprint is high, but they have not developed a widespread presence outside of Germany because they are not as well known as green roofs and there is a lack of implementation guidelines and incentive programs in other countries.     

Green roofs are not created equal: the hydrologic and thermal performance of six different extensive green roofs and reflective and non-reflective roofs in a sub-tropical climate

Green roofs have the potential to retain stormwater on the roof surface and lower the thermal loading on buildings. Because of this, the greatest environmental benefits from green roofs might be achieved in subtropical climates characterized by high temperatures and intense rain events. There is, however, little research to support this. In a replicated study in Texas, we compared the performance of six different extensive green roof designs vegetated with native species, to non-reflective (black) roofs, and reflective (white) roofs. Preliminary hydrologic and thermal profile data indicated not only differences between green and non-vegetated roofs, but also among green roof designs. Maximum green roof temperatures were cooler than conventional roofs by 38°C at the roof membrane and 18°C inside air temperature, with little variation among green roofs. Maximum run-off retention was 88% and 44% for medium and large rain events but some green roof types showed very limited retention characteristics. These data demonstrate indicate that: 1. Green roofs can greatly affect the roof temperature profile—cooling surface layers and internal space on warm days. 2. Green roofs can retain significant amounts of rainfall, this is dependent on the size of the rain event and design and can fail if not designed correctly. We suggest that as green roofs vary so much in their design and performance, they must be designed according to specific goals rather than relying on assumed intrinsic attributes.     

绿色壁垒对我国贸易的影响及应对策略

本文介绍了绿色壁垒的概念、特征、产生背景和表现形式,分析了绿色壁垒对我国外贸造成的影响,并从政府和企业层面提出了我国应对绿色壁垒的建议和措施。