社会主义生态文明建设的重要内容:生态消费模式

当前,我国消费伴随着经济的快速发展日益被异化为“病态式消费”模式,这使得国民经济的协调发展遭到了严重破坏,甚至生态系统也面临着崩溃的危险.我国新富群体缺乏正确的消费观念,加上西方消费主义影响,引发了诸多的社会问题.实践证明,只有树立正确的消费观念、克制消费欲望、调整消费行为,才能建立生态消费模式,才能符合社会主义生态文明的要求,实现人与自然的协调发展.     

清末民初昆明的城市消费变迁

清末民初云南府城(昆明)的城市消费变迁在两个阶段有不同的特点:第一阶段,1889年蒙自开埠到1910年滇越铁路通车,消费能力提高,消费倾向洋化,消费意愿增强;第二阶段,1910年滇越铁路通车以后的民国初年,城市功能的变迁促进商业发展和消费升级,昆明城市消费引领全省潮流。     

可持续发展高等教育消费效应的经济分析

本文针对可持续发展高等教育的消费效应进行了经济分析.根据西方经济学中的效用理论,构建了可持续发展高等教育的消费效应概念模型及其消费效应最大化模型,分析了消费效应的无差异性,阐述了可持续发展高等教育的消费与经济增长之间的关系,并提出了一些建设性的建议,期望为我国高等教育的可持续发展提供一定的决策支持.     

初次收入分配对我国居民旅游消费影响研究

文章选取初次分配工资分配率、城镇居民基尼系数、各收入阶层旅游消费占比作为分析指标,经分析研究所得结论为：低、中收入阶层旅游消费占比与分配率负相关,分配率所代表的初次收入分配总量性影响对中收入阶层旅游消费影响较大,中、高收入阶层旅游消费占比都与城镇居民基尼系数正相关,其中城镇居民基尼系数代表的初次收入分配结构性影响对高收入阶层旅游消费影响较大;并针对各阶层的特殊性对各收入阶层旅游消费发展提出相应政策建议.     

普通民众消费的增加应是消费政策的核心

消费是由不同的消费群体构成的 ,其中某些消费群体的消费增加能够直接影响社会消费总体水平 ,只有促进这些消费群体的消费 ,才能有效拉动社会生产 ,促进经济的繁荣。而能够持续推动社会生产的消费群体 ,是占人口多数的普通消费民众。因此 ,目前刺激消费 ,促进生产 ,关键是要面向普通民众构筑我们的消费政策 ,把普通民众纳入到消费者大军之中。     

河北省高校学生体育态度与体育消费行为的调查研究

运用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法和数理统计法,通过对河北省高校学生体育态度、消费内容、消费水平等因素的调查分析,总结出高校学生体育消费的规律性,并提出了相应的建议。     

Efficacy of Risk-Based, Culturally Sensitive Ogaa (Walleye) Consumption Advice for Anishinaabe Tribal Members in the Great Lakes Region

The Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC) has produced Ogaa (walleye— Sander vitreus ) consumption advisories since 1996 for Anishinaabe from GLIFWC member tribes in the 1837 and 1842 ceded territories of Wisconsin. GLIFWC's advisory maps were revised in 2005 to address cultural sensitivities (to protect tribal lifeways), to utilize recent mercury exposure information, and to incorporate changes in advisory levels for methyl mercury. Lake-specific, risk-based, culturally sensitive consumption advice was provided on color-coded maps for two groups: children under age 15 years and females of childbearing age, and males 15 years and older and females beyond childbearing age. The maps were distributed to, and a behavioral intervention program developed for, the six GLIFWC member tribes in Wisconsin as well as member tribes in Minnesota and the 1842 ceded territory of Michigan. Tribal fish harvesters, tribal health care providers, women of childbearing age or with young children, tribal leaders, elders, and children were targeted specifically for the behavioral intervention. The efficacy of the behavioral intervention was assessed using surveys of 275 tribal fish harvesters from Wisconsin, 139 tribal harvesters from Michigan and Minnesota, and 156 Wisconsin women of childbearing age. Significant increases in the percentage of survey participants who indicated awareness of advisory maps occurred among Wisconsin harvesters (increase from 60% to 77%), Michigan and Minnesota harvesters (29% to 51%), and women of childbearing age in Wisconsin (40% to 87%). A significant increase in preference for smaller Ogaa occurred among tribal harvesters in Wisconsin (41% to 72%) and tribal harvesters in Michigan and Minnesota (49% to 71%), although not among women of childbearing age. The GLIFWC map-based advisory program did not adversely affect tribal harvest of Ogaa, which increased from 63,000 to 88,000 fish in the three states after the intervention.     

An Exposure Assessment of Methyl Mercury via Fish Consumption for the Japanese Population

The objective of this article was to propose an exposure assessment model to describe the relationship between fish consumption and body methyl mercury (MeHg) levels in the Japanese population. Individual MeHg intake was estimated by the summation of species-specific fish consumption multiplied by species-specific fish MeHg levels. The distribution of fish consumed by individuals and the MeHg level in each fish species were assigned based on published data from Japanese government institutions. The probability of MeHg intake for a population was accomplished through a Monte Carlo simulation by the random sampling of fish consumption and species-specific MeHg levels. Internal body MeHg levels in blood and hair were estimated using a one-compartment model. Overall, the mean value of MeHg intake for the Japanese population was estimated to be 6.76 μg/day or 0.14 μg/kg body weight per day (bw/day), while the mean value for the hair mercury level was 2.02 μg/g. Compared with the survey data that tabulated hair mercury levels in a cross-section of the Japanese population, the simulation results matched the hair mercury survey data very well for women, but somewhat underestimated for men and all of the population. This exposure assessment model is a useful attempt at further risk assessment with respect to a risk-benefit analysis.     

山东省城市化与能源消费综合评价及协调性分析

对山东省1978-2008年的城市化与能源消费进行综合评价,再利用熵变方程法和状态协调度函数分别分析山东省城市化与能源消费的协调性。研究结论认为:1.山东省城市化和能源消费综合水平均呈上升趋势,但能源消费的上升则表现出一定的波动性;2.基于熵变法的城市化与能源消费,有14年处于协调发展状态,10年是基本协调状态,另外6年则处于相当不协调状态;3.基于状态函数的两者关系,静态协调性上具有一定的波动性,而动态协调性方面,以1992年作为转折点,之前处于高度协调状态,之后呈下降趋势。山东省必须在提高能源利用质量的同时,适当控制城市化进程速度,维持城市化与能源消费之间的协调发展。     

马克思消费伦理思想及其时代意义

马克思对消费的论述完全符合消费伦理的主旨。解读《马克思恩格斯文集》可以看出,马克思消费伦理思想体现在以批判的方式把人本消费伦理思想贯穿于生态消费、生产消费、个人消费三大视域,建构了一个完整的消费伦理思想体系。而文本意义上的马克思消费伦理思想为当下消费态度、消费行为和消费方式的伦理评价提供了原生性指导理论和研判平台,对审视现代消费剥削、消费异化、消费自由等具有重要意义。