中国共产党党内民主发展的程序路径选择

发展党内民主,必须加强程序建设。党内民主程序化建设主要是围绕制度来进行的,没有制度就没有程序,没有程序制度的运行就缺少保障,程序建设与制度建设是统一的,二者不可分割。党内民主程序化建设应从“权力”人手,构建一套包括党内权力的产生和授予、行使、终止的体系。具体来说,就是要加强选举制度、决策和监督制度、罢免或撤换制度建设。     

Between stability and higher-order asymptotics

We discuss the effects of model misspecifications on higher-order asymptotic approximations of the distribution of estimators and test statistics. In particular we show that small deviations from the model can wipe out the nominal improvements of the accuracy obtained at the model by second-order approximations of the distribution of classical statistics. Although there is no guarantee that the first-order robustness properties of robust estimators and tests will carry over to second-order in a neighbourhood of the model, the behaviour of robust procedures in terms of second-order accuracy is generally more stable and reliable than that of their classical counterparts. Finally, we discuss some related work on robust adjustments of the profile likelihood and outline the role of computer algebra in this type of research.     

Conflict Management of Cooperative Organizations in Contemporary Iran: A Review Analysis

Emergence of conflicts-of-interests and of disputes in organizations, especially within and among work team systems, is inevitable. Cooperatives are self-governing organizations with democratic characters aimed at meeting the members’ needs and promoting social equity. Yet, internal organizational conflicts arise as conflicts-of-interests develop. Such conflicts can cause serious damages to the parties involved as well as harm the reputation of cooperatives as social and economic entities that tend to pursue social justice and fair distribution of income in society. This paper addresses conflict management in contemporary cooperative organizations. It is based on a preliminary research performed on factors causing conflicts in various types of cooperatives in Iran by analyzing 253 complaints made in 224 housing, consumer, transportation, producer procurement, and credit cooperatives within the central province of Tehran. It also offers some suggestions to improve conflict management within cooperative organizations.

含m-增生算子的非线性方程带误差的迭代程序

证明了对任意Banach空间E中的Lipschitz m-增生算子T,(A)f∈E.带误差的Ishikawa型迭代程序强收敛于方程x+Tx=f的唯一解.作为直接的应用,给出了有关Ishikawa迭代程序稳定性的若干定理.所得的结论改进和推广了近期相关的结果.     

我国死刑程序运作状况的实证分析

就我国死刑案件审判特殊程序运作状况,对法院、检察院工作人员,警察,律师,普通社会公众,服刑人员等进行了抽样问卷调查。调查内容包括三个方面：所有调查对象对死刑案件第二审程序规定运作状况的认识;法律职业群体对死刑案件审判程序运作状况的认识;服刑人员和普通公民对死刑案件审判中当事人权利保障问题的认识。根据对问卷的统计、分析得出：由于当前中国社会经济、文化的发展和犯罪态势的影响,我国刑事诉讼法有修改的必要。为了进一步保证死刑案件诉讼程序的规定得到更好地执行和遵守,提出了如下改革建议：扩大律师在刑事诉讼中的权利;扩大人民监督员和特约检察员对刑事案件审理过程的程序性监督;引入沉默权制度;在审判委员会中,应坚持少数服从多数的原则。     

审前阶段媒体介入司法程序的效果与规制——欧洲经验及其启示

自大众传媒产生之日起,关于法律案件的新闻报道便受到了种种竞争性法律价值的限制.拥有引导舆论功能的新闻媒体在诉讼程序的审前、庭审以及审后阶段的报道,对司法程序及相关利益产生了不同程度的影响.就某种意义而言,新闻媒体与诉讼程序俨然成为矛盾的对立双方.尽管这一矛盾无法避免,但通过界定和判断新闻自由与竞争性利益之间的关系,我们可以进行新的关系调整以减小矛盾影响,欧洲人权法院在削弱两者矛盾方面作出了许多探索和贡献.文章试图借鉴欧洲经验,分析审前阶段媒体介入司法程序的效果与规制,以确立媒体与司法程序之间的合理关系.     

心理因素对音乐表演者临场发挥的重要影响

本文探究心理因素对音乐表演者在舞台上演出成功与否的重要影响。     

Multiple decision rules for comparing several populations with a fixed known standard

Independent observations are available from k univariate distributions indexed by a real parameter θ. It is desired to select that distribution with the largest parameter value unless this value is smaller than some fixed standard θ₀ in which case no distribution is to be selected. Various single-stage procedures for this (k+l)-decision problem are discussed, using indifference zone, decision theoretic, Bayesian, and subset selection approaches.     

FDR- and FWE-controlling methods using data-driven weights

Weighted methods are an important feature of multiplicity control methods. The weights must usually be chosen a priori, on the basis of experimental hypotheses. Under some conditions, however, they can be chosen making use of information from the data (therefore a posteriori) while maintaining multiplicity control. In this paper we provide: (1) a review of weighted methods for familywise type I error rate (FWE) (both parametric and nonparametric) and false discovery rate (FDR) control; (2) a review of data-driven weighted methods for FWE control; (3) a new proposal for weighted FDR control (data-driven weights) under independence among variables; (4) under any type of dependence; (5) a simulation study that assesses the performance of procedure of point 4 under various conditions.     

A fair evaluation of certain stage in a two-stage structure: revisiting the typical two-stage DEA approaches

The efficiency of decision processes with a two-stage structure has been studied by some modified versions of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, such as the relational or centralized model, and the non-cooperative model. After revisiting the rationale of the centralized model provided by the literature, we find that some unfairness exist in its efficiency evaluation of certain stage. This unfairness leads to the usual underestimation of the overall efficiency by the centralized model. Furthermore, because the independent DEA model for one stage ignores its relation and coordination with the other stage and the two-stage system, externalities between these members may arise and lead to the seeming contradiction in efficiencies derived by independent DEA models for the stages and the black box system. Therefore, we argue that the efficiency of certain stage in the context of a two-stage structure should be reevaluated instead of simply using the independent DEA model. A sequence of leader-follower procedures, with data adjustment on intermediates, is proposed to eliminate the externalities and to ensure a fair evaluation. We find that, after this data adjustment, the reevaluation of the second stage for a given Decision Making Unit (DMU) yields the same result as obtained by the standard DEA model regarding the two-stage as a black box. Moreover, some explicit relations are established between the black box model, the centralized model, and the non-cooperative model. Two typical examples taken from the literature illustrate our main results. Our findings also imply that more emphasis should be placed on the game theoretic DEA approach to model the efficiency evaluation of two-stage processes.