焉耆锡格沁地面寺院

本文首先对锡格沁地面寺院布局和分类进行分析 ,然后对佛堂建筑的形制和组合作类型学研究 ,把地面寺院分为四期 :第一期开创期 ,即 7世纪下半叶 ;第二期兴盛期 ,即 8世纪下半叶 ;第三期持续发展期 ,即 9世纪上半叶 ;第四期衰落期 ,即 9世纪下半叶至 1 3世纪。各期的划分是以唐朝经营安西四镇、吐蕃占领西域和回鹘西迁等为历史背景的。文章还从寺院形制和雕塑、壁画等方面探讨了焉耆佛教对高昌回鹘佛教的影响 ,以及焉耆佛教的派别     

Interventions Targeting Deep Tissue Lymph Nodes May Not Effectively Reduce the Risk of Salmonellosis from Ground Pork Consumption: A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment

The inclusion of deep tissue lymph nodes (DTLNs) or nonvisceral lymph nodes contaminated with Salmonella in wholesale fresh ground pork (WFGP) production may pose risks to public health. To assess the relative contribution of DTLNs to human salmonellosis occurrence associated with ground pork consumption and to investigate potential critical control points in the slaughter‐to‐table continuum for the control of human salmonellosis in the United States, a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model was established. The model predicted an average of 45 cases of salmonellosis (95% CI = [19, 71]) per 100,000 Americans annually due to WFGP consumption. Sensitivity analysis of all stochastic input variables showed that cooking temperature was the most influential parameter for reducing salmonellosis cases associated with WFGP meals, followed by storage temperature and Salmonella concentration on contaminated carcass surface before fabrication. The input variables were grouped to represent three main factors along the slaughter‐to‐table chain influencing Salmonella doses ingested via WFGP meals: DTLN‐related factors, factors at processing other than DTLNs, and consumer‐related factors. The evaluation of the impact of each group of factors by second‐order Monte Carlo simulation showed that DTLN‐related factors had the lowest impact on the risk estimate among the three groups of factors. These findings indicate that interventions to reduce Salmonella contamination in DTLNs or to remove DTLNs from WFGP products may be less critical for reducing human infections attributable to ground pork than improving consumers’ cooking habits or interventions of carcass decontamination at processing.     

散布鼠疫菌（PX）细菌战“战果”之真相

日本军在中国实施细菌战的事实,随着中日学者的研究逐渐被揭示,在研究中所用材料大部分都是加害者（当事人）和受害者的口述史,缺乏日本军当时实施细菌战后对被害地的全面详细的疫学调查。731部队细菌战研究人员金子顺一论文《鼠疫效果略算法》,揭示了1940年农安、新京鼠疫流行事件是731部队实施的细菌战的事实。《陆军军医学校防疫研究报告第2部》中的高桥正彦论文中关于农安、新京鼠疫流行事件的论文,是731部队细菌战后对被害地进行的疫学调查。达格威文件Q报告中的部分数据来自“农安细菌战”受害者的病理解剖,其中不仅有中国人,也有日本人。     

买地券、镇墓文研究及其语言文字学意义

买地券、镇墓文研究具有多方面意义,其语言文字学意义在于:保留了古代民间口语的原生形态,证明汉字新字体、新书体的出现都始于民间书写活动。     

油田地面注水系统规划技术研究

油田地面注水系统是油田注水系统的重要组成部分,其规划关系到整个系统的投资和运行成本。对于油田地面注水系统的规划技术进行了研究,采用分级优化的策略,将整个系统的规划问题分解为注水支线管网的规划和注水干线管网的规划两部分。在注水支线管网的规划中,提出了以系统投资和系统可靠性为目标的数学模型,并对模型进行了求解。针对注水干线管网的特点,通过对注水站站址的优选、主干线的走向及干线与支线交点的确定,在满足工艺要求的条件下,实现对注水干线管网的优化。使管线费用达到最少。     

抗战背景下中日进步女性作家战争叙事主题与形式述略

文章通过梳理总结抗战背景下中日进步女性作家和作品创作情况以及研究现状,重点归纳了中日进步女性作家作品中呐喊疾呼、纯情叙事的战争表现形式和底层书写、女性关照的战争叙事主题。表达了中日女性作家在抗战特殊时期体现的人文关怀、底层关怀、女性关怀、家国关怀的文学追求。     

百年讲武堂的文化品位

云南陆军讲武堂已经走过百年历程,在一定程度上铸就了黄埔军校,走出朱德、叶剑英、崔庸健、李范夷、武海秋等几个国家领导人和数百名将军,在中西文化碰撞中,继承、发扬了中国传统文化。     

Effects of fragmentation and trampling on carabid beetle assemblages in urban woodlands in Helsinki, Finland

We studied the effects of fragmentation (edge effects and patch size) and trampling (path cover) on carabid beetle assemblages in urban woodland patches in Helsinki, Finland. We expected that (1) open habitat and generalist species would benefit and forest species would suffer from increased woodland fragmentation, and (2) most carabid species would respond negatively to increased levels of trampling. A total of 2088 carabid individuals representing 37 species were collected. A cluster analysis distinguished sites in the interior of large woodland patches, with low or moderate path cover, from the other sites. The other sites did not cluster meaningfully, suggesting increased variation in the carabid fauna with increasing human impact. All species and ecological species-groups decreased with increasing distance from the edge toward the woodland interior and with increasing patch size. This pattern is in accordance with our expectation for open habitat and generalist species but opposite to what we expected for forest species. The reason for these surprising results may be that (1) the species we collected are not true forest interior species, (2) urban woodland edges are optimal habitats for many forest carabids, or (3) edges are actually sub-optimal, and high catches simply reflect increased activity of beetles moving away from the edge. Trampling did not have an overall negative effect on carabids as hypothesized. Species associated with moist forest habitat responded as predicted: they decreased in abundance with increasing path cover. Furthermore, open habitat species decreased with increasing path cover but more straightforward than we had predicted. Model elaboration, by dropping the highly trampled sites from the analyses, suggested that our data of high trampling may be too scarce: the results without these sites were more in accordance with our predictions than with the full dataset.