邵力子创办20年代上海大学的实践及理念

1922年国共两党在统一战线旗帜下创立的上海大学被誉为“革命的摇篮”、“民族革命运动的核心”。上海大学创办初期一位“半隐身”的特殊中共党员,同时也是资深的国民党人士——邵力子,身兼国共两党党员,作为“联络员”,能将两党致力于办学的人士召集在一起商讨创办这所革命学校。故本文首先展示他参与创办上海大学跌宕起伏的经历,再现他于此初步探索的新式教育理念。本问题的研究,无论对中共党史,抑或今天的大学生思想政治建设都大有裨益。     

通识教育:西南联大“三常委”办学理念的认同

执校西南联大的梅贻琦、蒋梦麟、张伯苓是否具有通识教育的理念与认同(尤其是张伯苓是否赞成通识教育),是西南联大史研究中的一个命题。西南联大能够实施通识教育,深层次上的主要原因是居于西南联大最高领导层的"三常委"有着通识教育理念的认同。这种认同,集中体现在:"发展个性,完善人格;健强体魄,担当重任;文理兼融,博通为先;团体协作,消除涣散;陶冶情操,提高素养"五个方面。它表明西南联大要培养具有合理的知识结构与能力结构、品行高尚、判断独立、身体素质良好、情趣丰富高雅、勇于承担社会责任的全面发展的人。西南联大人才培养的成就及其学子的成长体悟,充分说明通识教育是高质人才辈出的重要因素。     

金陵大学农学院农业推广及其效益

金陵大学农学院举世注目的科研成就,为农业推广提供了丰富的物质材料;完善的农业推广体制,保证了推广工作的顺利进行,从而增加了作物产量,促进了农村改良。建立的一套完善的农业推广体制,成为中国近代建立从中央到地方基层的全国农业推广体制的良好开端;从中摸索出的一套农业推广经验,为中国近代其它农业院校及农业机构在农业推广中所借鉴。对于我国当今的高等农林院校科研成果的推广也有借鉴意义。     

新加坡理工类大学人文素质教育刍议——以南洋理工大学为例

新加坡理工类大学人文素质教育提出的背景是基于适应新加坡社会由工业经济社会向知识经济社会转型以及大学生健康全面发展的需要,其目标在于培养学生交际能力、文化历史传承能力、创新意识、创业意识以及发展学生的个性等,其实施途径主要有课程教学和校园文化建设等。重视大学精神的培育,开设内容丰富、形式多样的人文课程,积极开展国际交流活动等,是新加坡理工类大学人文素质教育对我国高等教育的启示。     

汕头大学学生通识教育的调查及分析

采用问卷调查的方法,通过对汕头大学本科生对通识教育看法的调查,发现汕头大学通识教育实施的现状是学生虽然不太清楚通识教育的意义,但是要求加强通识教育;希望通识教育课程以选修为主,内容以兴趣、轻松优先;要求进一步改革教学、考试方法。因此建议应向学生说明通识教育的意义,开设适切的通识教育课程,不断改进课程设置、教学及评价方式。     

用创新精神探索学生思想工作的新路

随着我国高等教育在办学体制、管理体制、招生就业体制、经费筹措体制、学校内部管理体制等方面改革的不断深入和发展 ,给高校学生思想政治工作带来了大量的新情况、新问题。本文旨在探讨 ,在此新形势下加强和改进高校学生思想政治工作的新方法和途径     

Estimating chance reproducibility in Guttman Scaling

A definition of reproducibility in Guttman Scaling and two chance measures of reproducibility are suggested. The first measure assumes that the items are independent. The second method assumes nonindependent items and fits respondent and item margins by an iterative method used in fitting log-linear models. Chance reproducibility is conceptualized in terms of assumptions about respondent variability.     

Dynamic models and attainment in the workplace

The two most marked trends in recent stratification studies are: (1) the shift away from a statical approach to attainment and toward a dynamical representation of achievement, and (2) the shift away from the assumption that achievement is largely a matter of individual characteristics, and toward the view that achievement is the outcome of an employer-employee exchange of productive resources for earnings and status. This paper forges a link between these parallel trends by elaborating on previous formulations of dynamic models of achievement and applying the results to the analysis of earnings attainment in an internal labor market. The modeling section of the paper joins within a single framework the growing interest in ascertaining how a given structure of opportunity shapes achievement and in determining the different points in the career line at which individual background and resource variables impact attainment. Special attention is devoted to the problems facing researchers who wish to bring a dynamic conceptualization of achievement to cross-sectional or otherwise deficient data. Although the empirical application of the various models is largely meant to be illustrative, it is of interest in its own right because it goes substantially beyond previous efforts in this area.     

On the mode of administering a questionnaire and responses to open-ended items

Concurrently administered personal and telephone surveys are compared to measure differences between the modes for identical questions. Speed of questioning is found to be greater in telephone interviews than personal interviews. The faster pace of telephone interviews is linked to shorter answers to open-ended items on the telephone. The tendency to reduce such responses is disproportionately exhibited by younger, affluent respondents who tend to provide detailed responses in personal interviews.     

Sex similarities in occupational status attainment: Are the results due to the restriction of the sample to employed women?

Research on sex differences in occupational attainment suggests that working men and working women attain essentially the same mean level of occupational attainment and do so through quite similar processes. A possible explanation for these similarities is that the sample of working women contains an overrepresentation of successful women, since women who can afford not to work will stay out of the labor force unless they find a job commensurate with their education. This we define as a censoring problem. By extending a technique developed by Heckman, we can estimate the structural parameters for all women, regardless of current employment status. This procedure allows us to assess the impact of the censoring problem on women's occupational attainment equations.