Child Abuse and Neglect: Perspectives on a National Emergency

Hundreds of thousands of children are being abused and neglected in the United States annually. The structures devised to respond to this abuse and neglect have been unsuccessful. The United States government continues to spend billions of dollars on programs to deal with the effects of these unsuccessful responses. Child abuse and neglect in the United States now represent a national emergency. In this article, we will provide a historical, cultural, and contemporary perspective on child abuse and neglect. This perspective throws light on the complexity of the national emergency and provides a context for further exploration of the issue.     

Looking for Joan of Arc: Collaboration in the Rise and Fall of Heroes

This article adapts Actor Network Theory to illustrate the construction of heroes and their abandonment. It focuses more specifically on the rise and fall of an iconic New Zealand private training enterprise, Carich, and its founding entrepreneur Caron Taurima. Drawing on media, web sources and interviews, the study reflects on the uncritical way heroes are constructed and makes comparisons with the story of Joan of Arc. It shows how the notion of ‘Carich‐as‐a‐successful‐business’ was encouraged and developed by human and non‐human actors, how revenues were inflated, and how the business founder’s personal charisma superseded hard financial questions. The article problematizes the roles of various actors, particularly hero‐seeking media, politically‐correct Crown agencies, and those supposedly objective umpires of business acumen who offer national awards to ‘outstanding’ entrepreneurs.     

Introduction: Mobilities and Enclosures at Borders

Our central agenda is to rethink the concept of movement in anthropology and other social sciences. We do this through two themes-mobilities and enclosures-both of which draw our attention to power and its diverse outcomes, especially at borders. Enclosure addresses processes that delimit and restrict the movement of specific goods, people, and ideas, while mobilities concern processes that enable and induce such movements. Consideration of these themes breaks with theoretical tendencies that celebrate unbounded movement, and instead focuses us on the political-economic processes by which people, nature, commodities, and knowledge are bounded, emplaced, and allowed or forced to move. Mobilities and enclosures are plural, favoring close-grained ethnographic studies. They involve unequal rights and powers, demanding precision about the political implications of movements of various sorts. This introduction situates these themes in recent border studies and social theory more generally and summarizes how the authors in this special issue advance scholarship on these matters.     

Generalizing from PRSA to public relations: How to accommodate sampling bias in public relations scholarship

One of the major challenges to conducting externally valid, quantitative scholarship in public relations is accessing samples of practitioners that are willing to participate in academic research. One sampling frame would naturally be the membership of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), which is the world's largest professional association for public relations practitioners. Yet, even if the question of access were resolved, there still remains the question of external validity, i.e., the issue of whether and to what extent the membership of PRSA (or any other sampling frame) reflects the population of public relations practitioners in general.     

反思与建构:白崇人的文学批评透视

白崇人是新时期以来“少数民族文学”研究的开拓者之一,他不断反思“少数民族文学”发展的历史与现状,积极探索“少数民族文学”创作的理论之路,审视当代少数民族文学的发展与走向.对“少数民族文学”概念和价值意义的重释以及他在批评实践中呈现出来的开放多元、富有创新的批评理念,成为“少数民族文学”研究领域内的重要收获.其中,民族身...     

关于托忒文创制的历史背景及其规范探讨

作者阐明了托忒文字产生的历史必然和规范化问题。解放以来,我区法定文字之一托忒文字在其字形的科学性和书面语基本词汇的书写趋于口语化等方面有了较好的完善,同时,由于有关部门重视不够等原因,现行托忒文正字法还存在10个不科学之处。对此,作者用比较研究的方法提出了解决上述问题的理论、原则和方法。     

Ideas and Social Policy: An Institutionalist Perspective

Since the beginning of the 1980s, historical institutionalism has emerged as one of the most influential theoretical perspectives in social policy studies. Although their work is insightful, most institutionalist scholars tend to relegate policy ideas to the back of their theoretical constructions dealing with welfare state development. The objective of this paper is to show how institutionalist scholarship can pay greater attention to ideational processes without abandoning its core assumptions about the structuring impact of political institutions and policy legacies on welfare state development. If institutions truly influence policy‐making, policy ideas matter in and beyond the agenda‐setting process. Related to existing policy legacies, perceived problems mesh with policy alternatives grounded in a specific paradigm. When stressing the need to reform, and promoting new alternatives, policy entrepreneurs draw on existing ideological repertoires to frame these alternatives. The ability to successfully frame policy alternatives can become a decisive aspect of the policy process. A discussion of recent European and North American policy debates illustrates these claims.     

西方悲剧理论的两大类型

西方悲剧理论可以划分为两大类型,一种类型是肯定历史正义的存在,另一种类型是否定历史正义的存在。而肯定历史正义的西方悲剧理论又因为寻找悲剧产生的原因的不同,可以划分为两大走向。西方悲剧理论大致可以划分为三大走向,一是由亚里士多德所开创、中经席勒到黑格尔集大成的悲剧理论,二是由车尔尼雪夫斯基提出到马克思、恩格斯完成的悲剧理论,三是叔本华、尼采的悲剧理论。前两大走向是肯定历史正义的存在,后一大走向是否定历史正义的存在。     

马克思意识形态批判视域中的历史认知模式理论疏析——论马克思主义意识形态话语的历史基础

意识形态领域的话语权之争,往往源于对历史的认知差异,不同的认知模式对历史的理解存在明显的差异。马克思通过批判"德意志意识形态",第一次彻底解构了唯心主义的历史认知模式,构建了唯物主义的历史认知模式,使科学理解和把握人类历史成为可能。生产力和交往形式之间的矛盾运动是马克思解构唯心主义历史认知模式的重要范式。马克思正确说明了思想统治和阶级统治的关系,即思想统治是阶级统治的表现,所谓思想或思想统治的至上性是不存在的。任何意识形态都声称自己代表的是普遍利益或人类利益,这是意识形态的一个特点。但是,这里有虚假代表和真实代表的区别。虽然马克思解构了唯心主义历史认知模式,但是它并不会因这种解构而消失,它寄居于形形色色的理论模型即话语体系中。辨识和批判唯心主义历史认知模式,仍是社会主义意识形态建设的重要任务之一。     

《白鹿原》的历史悲剧意识

长篇小说《白鹿原》的出现是新时期以来悲剧艺术在长篇小领域开始走向成熟的标志,其艺术价值首先体现在深刻的历史悲剧意识之中,这也是作品具有突破意义的所在。这主要体现在两个方面：其一,传统农耕化理想与现代历史过程中严峻的阶级斗争现实的悲剧性矛盾冲突;其二,人的本质追求与残酷的化环境的悲剧性矛盾冲突。