Generalizing from PRSA to public relations: How to accommodate sampling bias in public relations scholarship

One of the major challenges to conducting externally valid, quantitative scholarship in public relations is accessing samples of practitioners that are willing to participate in academic research. One sampling frame would naturally be the membership of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), which is the world's largest professional association for public relations practitioners. Yet, even if the question of access were resolved, there still remains the question of external validity, i.e., the issue of whether and to what extent the membership of PRSA (or any other sampling frame) reflects the population of public relations practitioners in general.     

Configuration to conviction: Network structures of political judiciary in the Austrian Corporate State

In this paper, we analyze the extent of political judiciary in the transformed system of the Corporate State of Austria using the computational methods of a network approach. We investigate the differences in the legal prosecution of the political opposition, namely of members of the Communist, Social Democratic and National Socialist parties based on Vienna as a case study. Based on over 1,800 court records from 1935 processed at the Viennese provincial courts, we evaluate the courts’ practice in contrast to the official legislature during the consolidated phase of the regime. In this study, we examine whether the law was strategically utilized against specific groups (following the concept of Kirchheimer (1965)’s political lawsuit), and as in the more lenient version of Fraenkel (1927/1968)’s tendency justice, we analyze whether the law was disadvantageously interpreted for political partisanship up to a blatant breach of conduct. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods with network science approaches, we identify patterns of political prosecution and structural predispositions for the sentencing of left- and right-wing groups of the political opposition. We can prove different practices of political judiciary and differentiate between the different treatment of Social Democrats, Communists and National Socialists in 1935 in Vienna. We identify specialized strategies to prosecute the political opposition, resulting in a clear bias against left-wing groups and a relative leniency in the conviction of National Socialists based on the evolution of charges in the courts’ actions. Using a multimodal network approach, we reveal key players and cooperation of judges and prosecutors which accounted for harsher sentences. We provide evidence that the system of control over the judiciary and over the political opposition was already crumbling in the Austrian capital in 1935, even before the “Anschluss” to NS-Germany in 1938.     

试论邓小平稳定思想的历史渊源

稳定是我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的重要前提。在新的历史时期,认真研究邓小平稳定观的历史渊源,对于我们正确理解中共十六大报告,全面建设小康社会,有着十分重要的意义。     

现实的深层追问:整体视野中的唯物史观

只有从理论的整体视野入手,才能全面地理解唯物史观。从理论的整体视野看,唯物史观就不能仅仅着眼于社会基本矛盾理论,还应注重理论的理论前提部分。这种整体视野中的唯物史观,既是对社会发展现实挑战的应对,也是唯物史观的原本之义,更是唯物史观继续取得现实解释力的生长点。也只有这种整体视野中的唯物史观,才更加具有现实指导意义。     

从《史记＆#183;李斯列传》看法家在秦的接受

先秦法家思想是战国时期秦国和统一后的秦王朝的主导政治思想,但是关于法家思想在秦国及秦王朝的具体实践和影响的文献并不是很多.《史记＆#183;李斯列传》正弥补了这一缺憾.文章通过《史记＆#183;李斯列传》分析李斯、赵高、秦二世对法家思想的接受,进而探讨法家思想在秦国和秦王朝的政治运作中所起的巨大作用.     

《神圣家族》中的科学社会主义思想

《神圣家族》中包含着丰富的科学社会主义思想:唯物史观是科学社会主义的逻辑基础;科学社会主义是真正的群众实践运动,是群众的、世俗的社会主义,它同批判的精神的社会主义有着本质的区别;资本主义私有制的内在矛盾必然导致自身的灭亡,而无产阶级才能真正承担起消灭私有制、扬弃人的异化、解放自己解放全人类的历史使命。     

Child Abuse and Neglect: Perspectives on a National Emergency

Hundreds of thousands of children are being abused and neglected in the United States annually. The structures devised to respond to this abuse and neglect have been unsuccessful. The United States government continues to spend billions of dollars on programs to deal with the effects of these unsuccessful responses. Child abuse and neglect in the United States now represent a national emergency. In this article, we will provide a historical, cultural, and contemporary perspective on child abuse and neglect. This perspective throws light on the complexity of the national emergency and provides a context for further exploration of the issue.     

Looking for Joan of Arc: Collaboration in the Rise and Fall of Heroes

This article adapts Actor Network Theory to illustrate the construction of heroes and their abandonment. It focuses more specifically on the rise and fall of an iconic New Zealand private training enterprise, Carich, and its founding entrepreneur Caron Taurima. Drawing on media, web sources and interviews, the study reflects on the uncritical way heroes are constructed and makes comparisons with the story of Joan of Arc. It shows how the notion of ‘Carich‐as‐a‐successful‐business’ was encouraged and developed by human and non‐human actors, how revenues were inflated, and how the business founder’s personal charisma superseded hard financial questions. The article problematizes the roles of various actors, particularly hero‐seeking media, politically‐correct Crown agencies, and those supposedly objective umpires of business acumen who offer national awards to ‘outstanding’ entrepreneurs.     

对“诗史”说文化成因的三维探溯

作为中国古代重要的文学批评和史学研究观念,"诗史"说源于中国古代特定的文化与现实。通过对这个文化源头的追溯,"诗史"说的形成原因从三方面被揭示出来:以"六经载道"为核心的六经一体观念是诗史混同的文化根源,由此衍生出的"六经皆史"说则为"诗史"提供直接的思想资源。"诗可以观""诗可以怨"的观点表现了诗在提供历史借鉴方面与史的共同之处,是"诗史"说得以产生的诗学依据。由于史料、制度和时代原因,造成历史记载的失实和残缺,是形成"诗史"说的史学原因。以"六经载道"为文化起点,以"六经为政"为文化逻辑,中国古代特定的文化规定了"诗史"说的生成与发展。     

族群文化精神史、历史民族志与文学叙事的复合——重论张承志的《心灵史》

张承志的《心灵史》以历史人类学的视野书写哲合忍耶教派的宗教文化精神的发展史。在书写方法上,《心灵史》以历史民族志的书写方法将历史文献与“历史田野”相结合,并以历史想象描叙历史情境。《心灵史》不是纯粹的历史学著作,它沟通了历史、人类学和文学,形成了一种复合型文本。