The history of public relations in Greece from 1950 to 1980: Professionalization of the “art”

The early development of public relations in Greece is explored through a focus on the period between 1950 and 1980. Specifically, the, article considers the origins and early developments, important actors, international influences, professional bodies and the field of practice. It is found that Greek business public relations were greatly influenced by American practices and through influential practitioners’ contact with the International Public Relations Association (IPRA).     

From Source to Evidence? Teachers' Use of Historical Sources in Their Classrooms

To explore questions in history and to construct historical narratives, historians work with evidence from the past. This approach to teaching history (inquiry involving the use of evidence) is an accepted part of the research on history teaching and is promoted widely in standards frameworks and practitioner publications as “good history instruction.” What happens in a standards-based setting where teachers are covering large bodies of content? Do teachers use sources as part of their daily instruction? If so, how? We were afforded the unique opportunity to spend time observing what 35 teachers do by analyzing 352 videos submitted over a 4-year time span. We observed a spectrum of source use within and across teacher practice. In this article we share what we noticed.     

关于“中国道路”争论中的两个问题

近年来,随着中国经济的持续快速发展,关于中国模式、中国道路的问题引起了人们的广泛注意,也存在着巨大的分歧和争论。其实,讨论中国道路,需要有一种世界历史的大视野,需要从中华民族走向现代化的历史大尺度来审视。基于这种大视野和大尺度,有利于对我们所取得的成绩,所走过的曲折道路、所处的历史阶段、所面临的诸多难题及其成因,进行冷静的反思和理性的考察,形成清醒的认识和科学的定位,从而能够合理地科学地谋划中国的未来发展。     

学习是中国共产党建设的永恒主题

善于学习是马克思主义政党的特质。中国共产党90多年来的奋斗史,正是一部在实践中不断开拓进取的学习史。根据党在领导中国革命、建设、改革和发展的不同历史时期学习的任务、特点和方法,本文将中国共产党90多年来的学习史划分为七个阶段,并总结出以学立党、以学兴党的若干经验启示。     

Ackoff's Fables revisited: stories to inform operational research practice

This paper considers Ackoff's Fables, a set of short stories published by Ackoff in 1978 as guides to creative problem solving. The paper argues that storytelling of this kind contributes usefully to management and MS/OR education, before addressing how such Fables might be interpreted. It is demonstrated, using one of Ackoff's Fables, The Smart Jackass, for illustrative purposes, that interpretation of even apparently straightforward stories such as these is not unambiguous. The Fables can be interpreted in a multitude of different and sometimes contradictory ways, and the truths they might contain are not self-evident. Yet, as the basis for discussion, they still have much to offer as educational tools. The paper concludes with a discussion of literal truth in stories, and presents a classification of story types according to their relationship to literal truth.     

The Role of Social Workers in the Treatment of Addictions

Abstract

This article describes the history of social workers' involvement in the treatment of addictions in the United States. Beginning with Mary Richmond, the “mother of social casework,” social workers have played an increasingly important role in the treatment of individuals with alcohol and other drug problems and of their family members. Today, social workers are important players not only in program development, administration, and treatment of chemical addictions, but also in “process” addictions, such as eating disorders and gambling. Moreover, social workers are increasingly involved in addictions research and policy arenas.     

《古兰经》注释学发展史研究

自伊斯兰教先知穆罕默德注释《古兰经》起，《古兰经》注释便逐渐发展成为伊斯兰文化体系中举足轻重的传统学科——主释学（‘ilma1-tafsir）。注释学历经两大时期形成并完善：口耳相传时期——枞先知穆罕默德时期到再传弟子时期；文字记载时期——始于阿拔斯王朝早期，结束期不得而知。注释学的发展以及涌现出的大量学术成果，彰显出历代穆斯林阐释《古兰经》微言大义的学术动态，反映了伊斯兰文化学术的纵深发展。     

试析《史记·十二诸侯年表》之“篇言十二,实叙十三”问题

《史记·十二诸侯年表》篇言"十二诸侯",实际上却记叙了十三个诸侯国的盛衰大事。对于其"篇言十二,实叙十三"的原因,历来众说纷纭。或是认为没有把吴计入在内,或是认为忘记更改篇名,或是认为没有把鲁计入在内,或是认为没有把秦计入在内。其实"十二诸侯"是有特殊来历的,司马迁是用"十二诸侯"来代称表中的"十三诸侯"。"十二诸侯"这个固定概念的得出是与司马迁的哲学思想和社会历史观紧密相连的。"十二"之数和《史记》各篇数目一样,体现了儒家的一种天道观,有一定的象征,寓含着天道运行之意。     

<佛罗伦萨史>与马基雅维里史学

<佛罗伦萨史>奠定了马基雅维里在历史学上的地位,充分体现了他的人文主义史学思想及"历史与政治相结合"的文学特征.     

江泽民对马克思社会发展理论的继承与发展

马克思在"世界历史"理论与东方社会理论中,科学地昭示了未来社会发展的方向,揭示了社会历史发展的普遍性与特殊性的统一;江泽民继承和发展了马克思的社会发展理论,提出了"世界多样性"、"努力实现我国生产力发展的跨越"的新观点,以及以人为本的社会发展新理念,并对社会主义现实与共产主义理想作出了新的解释,既是对现实社会主义走出低潮的科学探索,又是我们深入研究社会发展问题的理论基础。