共性与个性——苏皖古民居建筑之探析

苏皖古民居均是中国江南地区传统建筑的典型代表,它们同处越海民系范围内,是该民系建筑文化的重要载体。通过比较两地古民居的建筑特征,发现在它们宏观的共性特征下,隐含着许多微观的个性元素。这些共性与个性的特征在两地古民居的布局模式、结构特征、装饰趋向等方面均有体现,使得苏皖地区古民居呈现出彼此相似但又不乏个性特色的建筑艺术特征,进而也反映了身处同一地域文化范围内传统民居的复杂性与多样性。     

中国现代作家笔下的“南洋”风景:花木与建筑简

中国现代作家笔下有许多描写“南洋”风景的篇章,其中以“南洋”花木描写与“南洋”建筑描写卓为突出。诗人杜运燮的《热带三友》笔致动人地写述了“南洋”椰、蕉、木棉的尤异姿态和精神内涵。“南洋”的佛塔寺可谓“南洋”文化“超机体”的一个泛例隐喻,而新加坡的“鱼尾狮”则是“南洋”文化记忆库里最微缩典型的一个特案象征,两者分别从宏观与微观的代表性视界具体而微地诠证了“南洋”建筑风景全部文化归属性的“情感结构”。     

Fraternally yours: the union architecture of Oskar Stonorov and Walter Reuther

For architect Oskar G. Stonorov (1905–70) and labour leader Walter P. Reuther (1907–70) unions were not simply instruments for collective bargaining. They were also agents for transforming established social practices that denied the working class access to decent housing, parks and art; discriminated against African Americans; and destroyed the natural environment. Architecture and site planning were key to this transformation as they addressed concerns of social justice and environmental quality. Stonorov and Reuther shared an aesthetic agenda as well – to expose workers to the emancipating beauty of modern design – as they believed well-designed housing contributed to both their personal lives and productivity at work. From 1941 until their deaths in 1970 they devised plans for workers' housing and town planning, sculpture, urban renewal and environmentally sensitive site planning. They sought to involve workers in the design process, mark union territory on former elite-owned properties, give control of housing production to organized labour and advance workers' educational opportunities. This article examines their architectural endeavours as part of a labour narrative and as an index of the turbulent social and political changes taking place from the inter-war years to 1970.     

Social and feminist design in emergency contexts: the Women’s Social Architecture Project,Cox's Bazar,Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

The rapid influx of Rohingya refugees into Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, has led to the formation of huge camps, built on difficult terrain, short of space and with high population density. All these factors present numerous challenges to agencies seeking to provide latrines, water points, and bathing facilities. Feedback gathered from women and girls highlighted significant challenges around access, safety, privacy, and dignity, including management of personal hygiene and menstruation. Within the humanitarian community, site planning and WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) infrastructure planning/design processes have mainly been dominated by male architects and engineers, often with gendered assumptions about the user. Acknowledging these challenges, Oxfam implemented the Women’s Social Architecture Project to work with women and adolescent girls, and female architects with a background or interest in social or feminist design and architecture, to add a different perspective into the design and siting of WASH facilities. The project has consisted of formative research with Rohingya women and girls, and design workshops with architects in which Rohingya women have co-created designs that tackle the issues they face regarding WASH facilities. This article provides an account of the progress to date, together with feedback from women and girls and the WASH Sector in Cox's Bazar ahead of the final completion of the project in June 2019.     

Dynamic Risk Management Systems: Hybrid Architecture and Offshore Platform Illustration

This paper describes and illustrates the architecture of computer-based Dynamic Risk Management Systems (DRMS) designed to assist real-time risk management decisions for complex physical systems, for example, engineered systems such as offshore platforms or medical systems such as patient treatment in Intensive Care Units. A key characteristic of the DRMSs that we describe is that they are hybrid, combining the powers of Probabilistic Risk Analysis methods and heuristic Artificial Intelligence techniques. A control module determines whether the situation corresponds to a specific rule or regulation, and is clear enough or urgent enough for an expert system to make an immediate recommendation without further analysis of the risks involved. Alternatively, if time permits and if the uncertainties justify it, a risk and decision analysis module formulates and evaluates options, including that of gathering further information. This feature is particularly critical since, most of the time, the physical system is only partially observable, i.e., the signals observed may not permit unambiguous characterization of its state. The DRMS structure is also dynamic in that, for a given time window (e.g., 1 day or 1 hour), it anticipates the physical system's state (and, when appropriate, performs a risk analysis) accounting for its evolution, its mode of operations, the predicted external loads and problems, and the possible changes in the set of available options. Therefore, we specifically address the issue of dynamic information gathering for decision-making purposes. The concepts are illustrated focusing on the risk and decision analysis modules for a particular case of real-time risk management on board offshore oil platforms, namely of two types of gas compressor leaks, one progressive and one catastrophic. We describe briefly the DRMS proof-of-concept produced at Stanford, and the prototype (ARMS) that is being constructed by Bureau Veritas (Paris) based on these concepts.     

徽州更名黄山和绩溪划出徽州的法律透视

阐述人民群众恢复徽州的呼声。从法律的规定,法规的要求和行政规章的说法等三方面阐明微州更名黄山,绩溪划出徽州的弊端,呼吁尽快恢复一个完整的徽州。     

火力发电厂企业集成体系结构的研究

在电力市场的竞争压力面前,火力发电厂对管理变革以及支持这样的变革的信息化支撑环境表现出迫切需求。本文以提升火力发电厂综合竞争力为出发点,分析了火力发电厂管理变革的特征,研究了支撑火力发电厂管理变革的企业集成的体系结构。     

论建筑创作整合思维方法及其应用

本文针对建筑创作思维方法进行研究 ,提出了研究整合思维方法的目的、意义以及功能 ,论述了以“真、善、美”作为建筑创作的追求目标和应用整合思维方法进行建筑创作应遵循的基本原则     

教会大学建筑与中国传统建筑艺术的复兴

19世纪末至20世纪30年代期间,中国教会大学在特殊的历史环境中,首先倡导了中西合璧式建筑新式样,拉开了中国传统建筑艺术复兴的序幕。在此之后,由于国内民族意识逐渐觉醒,这种建筑新式样又被视为弘扬和继承中国传统文化的表象参照物,并逐渐发展成为一种具有特殊意义的现代建筑风格。中国教会大学的建筑形态构成以及由此而导致的中国传统建筑艺术复兴,是中西文化双向流动的特殊案例和有形史料。     

青海黄南同仁地区建筑门饰雕刻艺术审美探析

同仁地区建筑门饰不仅仅是对门的装饰和美化,更是一个民族文化的缩影.门饰艺术中的装饰图案和主要装饰构件,体现出同仁地区的审美理想和宗教文化,具有传承和发展民族文化的符号功能.