Framing human rights: exploring storytelling within internet companies

This article explores human rights storytelling within two of the dominant internet companies, Google and Facebook. Based on interview with company staff as well as analysis of publicly available statements, the article examines how human rights are framed, made sense of and translated into company norms, products, and governance structures. The paper argues that the companies’ framing in many respects resembles that of the United States’ online freedom agenda, celebrating the liberating power of the internet and perceiving human rights as primarily safeguards against repressive governments. The companies see freedom of expression as part of their DNA and do not perceive any contradiction between this standard and business practices that may impact negatively on users’ freedom of expression, such as terms of service enforcement. Likewise, there is no sense of conflict between the online business model and their users’ right to privacy.     

Social Enterprise Among University-Based Centers in US Schools of Social Work

Globally, social enterprise is used increasingly by nonprofit organizations to create new funding streams in the face of dwindling public funds. In light of evidence that institutions of higher education are making similar adaptations, this study explores the extent to which academic centers in US schools of social work are using social enterprise strategies to fund mission efforts. Interviews with the directors of 16 social work research centers in 14 states reveal incentives and barriers that exist at multiple levels and considerably impact the potential viability of social enterprise in the social work academic setting. Implications for institutions of higher education and social work scholars are discussed.     

人力资本投资与地区经济协调发展

人力资本投资在地区经济协调发展中的作用在于:影响经济增长速度,进而影响地区差距;影响地区竞争优势,进而影响地区分工格局;影响落后地区贫困人口的脱贫及经济增长方式,从而影响社会的稳定和谐和可持续发展的实现。从人力资本投入总量及条件等方面看,东中西部人力资本投资情况存在较大差异,它影响了地区经济的协调发展。必须注重全局,制订人力资本投资规划;在强化区域投资中向人力资本投资倾斜;整合落后地区教育资源,加大中西部地区基础教育的投入,开放教育市场,引进外部资金,增强中西部地区人力资本积累能力;增加农村公共卫生特别是中西部农村的公共卫生投入,全面提升落后地区人力资本质量,促进地区经济协调发展。     

论《封神演义》的作者

关于《封神演义》的作者目前有两种说法:一是明舒载阳刻本卷二题署“钟山逸叟许仲琳编辑”;二是清乾隆时编篡的《传奇?考》卷七《顺天时》传奇题解云:“《封神演义》系元时道士陆长庚所作,未知的否。”近数十年来已有很多学者坚持陆西星是《封神演义》的作者这一说法,但仍缺少强有力的论据以证此说。本文一方面借鉴柳存仁的论证方法,通过《封神演义》与陆西星的著述进行文本的细读和互勘,找出相同或相似之处,从而推断出于一人之手笔;另一方面从陆西星的丹道思想中分析并推理与《封神》相同之处。     

Testing Prospect Theory in a Deterministic Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Environment*

Prospect theory by Kahneman and Tversky [7] is tested in a deterministic multiple criteria decision-making context. In two experiments conducted in classroom settings subjects made pairwise preference comparisons of condominiums for sale. The results of the experiments indicate that the traditional value model did not explain the subjects' revealed preferences as well as the prospect model. We conclude that prospect theory is a reasonable model of choice for many individuals in such a context.     

人权保障的新近发展及其完善

近年来尤其新一届领导人执政以来,我国的人权保障有了巨大进展,但同时也在诸多方面存在亟需解决及逐步完善的问题。文章从人权观念、执政理念、法律制定、政策制订、司法举措、行政管理、人权普及、现有问题等几方面对之进行了初步总结。     

试析中国古代的"天地人"观念

天、地、人是古代中华民族对宇宙整体的总的看法,是研讨一切具体事物所共通使用的理论原点。古人从天文现象、气候更迭、天气变化等“天”象中观察到“时”的变化,从地形地貌、植被物产、位置环境等“地”貌中发现对自然资源的利用,从人禽的二重化、圣凡二重化、性情二重化中明确了“人”的行为准则、道德操守、价值判断。就认识对象而言,“天地人”是整体的、系统的;就认识过程而言,是从天→地→人的以大观小、从整体到局部的认识模式;在“天地人”整体内比较而言,人居于主导地位。     

Auditors' Assessment of Management's Disposition: An Attributional Analysis*

Auditors' assessment of management's dispositions presumably affects their subsequent judgments. However, little is known about the process by which auditors infer characteristics of management. This paper proposes the theory of correspondent inferences [25] as a framework for examining auditors' assessment of management's dispositions; the model is tested in a laboratory experiment using experienced audit managers. The results are consistent with the proposed theoretical framework. Implications for future research are discussed.     

Fading Frames: Data Presentation and Framing Effects*

This article describes three experiments that investigate the impact of data presentation on framing, which is the differential evaluation of objectively equivalent information given different frames of reference. The experiments were designed to vary the amount of information and the format of presentation (tables versus graphs) provided to the decision maker to gain an understanding of the mechanism underlying framing. The inferred information model proposed by Johnson and Levin [11] is utilized to explain the results of the three experiments in terms of the redistribution of weights attached by the decision makers to the attributes of the prospective outcomes. The results of the three experiments indicate that framing effects are observed only when the presentation of data facilitates the shifting of weights among the attributes of the available alternatives. The results further indicate that framing is eliminated as more information is displayed. However, presentation of additional information does not eliminate framing when a graphical format is utilized. Finally, no framing effects are observed when uneven amounts of information are used to describe two alternatives in the same decision task.     

A Learning Curve Analysis of Expert System Use*

In this article, we study how an expert system affects novice problem solving in a financial risk analysis domain. We demonstrate that novice performance is improved after exposure to an expert system. Further, we show that novice performance continues to improve when the system is withdrawn. By comparing learning curves for people with exposure to those without, we can assess how much the system has benefitted its users. We demonstrate a quantitative methodology to measure the increment of learning due to the use of an information technology. We also explore the issue of how expertise is transferred from the system to the user.