论企业管理市场化的本质

本文在评述国内外相关文献的基础上,通过对科层机制与市场机制在劳动分工、权力、信息、绩效评价、激励机制等各方面的比较分析,提出了企业管理市场化的本质是企业管理过程中实现科层要素向市场要素转变、科层要素与市场要素平衡以及各要素之间互补的观点。     

Refinement and validation of a comprehensive scale for measuring HR practices aimed at performance-enhancement and employee-support

The purpose of this paper is to refine and validate a Human Resource practices (HRP) scale to measure employees' perceptions and test a two-tier model structured in eight practices and two bundles. In a sample of 554 employees, an EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) offered six factors that explained about 70% of the variance. Then, with 1647 employees (from 41 Spanish organizations), first- and second-order models were tested with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The former encompasses eight practices. The latter grouped the practices in two bundles, one on enhancing performance and the other on supporting employees. The Cronbach's alpha, Rho coefficient (Composite Reliability Coefficient), Omega coefficient, and Spearman-Brown split half coefficient showed good reliability. Validity evidence was found for construct, criterion, convergent, content, discriminant, and predictive validity. Moreover, the paper integrates different ways of approaching the study of HR management based on employees' perceptions, using a two-tier approach. The two-bundle model showed better fit, pointing out the importance of paying attention to multiple outcomes for employees and organizations. The study makes a relevant theoretical contribution about the role and aims of HRM practices for organizational success and employees' performance and well-being.     

Linking young individuals' capital to investment intentions: Comparing two cultural backgrounds

By integrating the Entrepreneurial Intentionality Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour, we explored the effects of human, social and financial capital on young individuals' investment intentions in two groups (97 English and 97 Greeks). Results indicated that human capital is directly and indirectly related to investment intentions via, first, subjective norms and, consequently, personal attitudes and perceived behavioural control, while social capital is only indirectly related to investment intentions via perceived behavioural control. In the individualistic group (English), human capital related directly and positively with investment intentions while social capital related indirectly to investment intentions via its positive relationship to subjective norms. With regard to participants from a collectivistic background (Greeks), human capital related indirectly to investment intentions via, first, subjective norms and, consequently, personal attitudes and perceived behavioural control, while social capital related directly and indirectly to investment intentions via perceived behavioural control. Financial capital was only negatively related to investment intentions in the total and Greek sample.     

Human Agency in Disaster Planning: A Systems Approach

Current approaches to risk management place insufficient emphasis on the system knowledge available to the assessor, particularly in respect of the dynamic behavior of the system under threat, the role of human agents (HAs), and the knowledge available to those agents. In this article, we address the second of these issues. We are concerned with a class of systems containing HAs playing a variety of roles as significant system elements—as decisionmakers, cognitive agents, or implementers—that is, human activity systems. Within this family of HAS, we focus on safety and mission‐critical systems, referring to this subclass as critical human activity systems (CHASs). Identification of the role and contribution of these human elements to a system is a nontrivial problem whether in an engineering context, or, as is the case here, in a wider social and public context. Frequently, they are treated as standing apart from the system in design or policy terms. Regardless of the process of policy definition followed, analysis of the risk and threats to such a CHAS requires a holistic approach, since the effect of undesirable, uninformed, or erroneous actions on the part of the human elements is both potentially significant to the system output and inextricably bound together with the nonhuman elements of the system. We present a procedure for identifying the potential threats and risks emerging from the roles and activity of those HAs, using the 2014 flooding in southwestern England and the Thames Valley as a contemporary example.     

"创造阶级"的创新空间

在经济全球化和知识化的今天,人力资源成为第一资源,城市可持续发展及竞争力的根本在于依靠人力资本特别是创造型人才进行创新."创造阶级"理论也随之产生.开发人力资源、积累人力资本、吸引"创造阶级",从而增强城市竞争力,推动城市持续发展.为此,在城市规划与建设中提高城市便利性、人居环境质量,建设适宜的制度环境,给人们提供制度上的创新空间,推动城市持续发展.     

场域视野下社区工作的主体建构

社区在一定意义上就是一个场域,社区工作展现着两个分别体现各自场域的主体人群即社会工作者和社区居民之间的相互影响。社区工作中确定谁是场域主体,有助于社会工作者对自身角色的定位及对社区工作不同阶段策略和方法的把握。社区工作准备阶段,侧重于社区居民的主体场域;社区工作预估与服务策划方案制定阶段,侧重于社区工作者的主体场域;社区工作服务策划方案执行阶段,是社区工作者场域与社区居民场域互为主体;社区工作评估阶段,则侧重于社区居民的主体场域。     

Sociology and the European Court of Human Rights

This article offers a sociological analysis of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Adopting a sociological jurisprudence approach, the article aims to demonstrate the unique and valuable contribution that sociology can make to understanding key aspects of international human rights law. Whilst the article seeks to develop an agenda for critical sociological research on human rights law, it also aims to persuade those charged with the supervision of human rights of the value of sociological analysis. To achieve this, the article focuses on three separate but inter‐related aspects of ECtHR jurisprudence: first, it considers the ECtHR's approach to consensus in its adjudication of human rights complaints; second, it examines the social control implications of the ECtHR's decisions and judgments; and third, it assesses how conceptualizations of social identity are often foundational to the ECtHR's reasoning.     

立体的文化自觉与文艺规律

文化自觉是对事物正确的认识和感悟。没有文化自觉就没有文化的建设和文化的创新。文化自觉靠学习和研究来获得。要提高对保护非物质文化遗产的文化自觉，提高文艺的社会本质和艺术本质的文化自觉。要用六维的立体思维去观察和认识文化，提高对文艺规律的文化自觉，实现社会主义文艺的大繁荣。     

The Electronic Workstation

Microcomputers in human services promise to enlarge and enhance professional practice through the development and utilization of an electronic workstation. An electronic workstation incorporates a computer and related technology to organize and focus professional activities. This paper discusses the nature of a professional workstation, describes a working example, and explores the development, benefits and limitations of this new resource for human service professionals.     

民事司法鉴定性质的证据法理分析

在德国、日本及我国台湾地区的民事证据理论上，将鉴定人视为证据方法存在不妥之处。鉴定本质上是法官在鉴定人之辅助下，以被鉴定之物为证据方法、原则上须依当事人申请而启动的证据调查之职权行为。鉴定结论为证据资料。我国学界对司法鉴定之性质的界定有欠准确，因而导致民事司法鉴定外延泛化、混同鉴定之独立性与中立性、对鉴定结论之性质认识错误以及忽视鉴定实施过程中对当事人的程序权利保障等缺陷。