高等教育的两难境地--论高等教育与社会的关系

高等教育与社会之间的关系问题是一个由来已久的问题.传统大学绝对独立于社会的历史如今已不现实,也不可取,而现代大学一味适应社会的做法也将预示着大学精神的衰落.在独立与适应之间找到平衡点,既不远离社会也不迎奉社会,与现实社会保持适当距离,是高等教育在处理自身与社会现实之间错综复杂关系的一种原则和策略.     

Relationships of optimality for individual factors of a design

The optimality of two-factor experimental designs is studied in the dual senses of estimating contrasts in the parameters for each of the factors. The outline of comparison employed allows one to judge the performance of different designs for estimating contrasts of one set of parameters directly with the performance of the complementary set without going through a common intermediary step of considering all the parameters. The results hold for a wide class of optimality criteria (not merely D-, A- and E-optimality), which must satisfy a functional equation obtained in connection with our method. Also we investigate the optimality of row–column designs which satisfy an ‘adjusted orthogonality’ condition. Our point of departure is the paper by Shah, Raghavarao and Khatri (1976) and that of Mitchell and John (1977).     

Convexity-based clustering criteria: theory,algorithms, and applications in statistics

This paper deals with the construction of optimum partitions of for a clustering criterion which is based on a convex function of the class centroids as a generalization of the classical SSQ clustering criterion for n data points. We formulate a dual optimality problem involving two sets of variables and derive a maximum-support-plane (MSP) algorithm for constructing a (sub-)optimum partition as a generalized k-means algorithm. We present various modifications of the basic criterion and describe the corresponding MSP algorithm. It is shown that the method can also be used for solving optimality problems in classical statistics (maximizing Csiszárs -divergence) and for simultaneous classification of the rows and columns of a contingency table.     

Parametric Modeling for Survival with Competing Risks and Masked Failure Causes

We consider a life testing situation in which systems are subject to failure from independent competing risks. Following a failure, immediate (stage-1) procedures are used in an attempt to reach a definitive diagnosis. If these procedures fail to result in a diagnosis, this phenomenon is called masking. Stage-2 procedures, such as failure analysis or autopsy, provide definitive diagnosis for a sample of the masked cases. We show how stage-1 and stage-2 information can be combined to provide statistical inference about (a) survival functions of the individual risks, (b) the proportions of failures associated with individual risks and (c) probability, for a specified masked case, that each of the masked competing risks is responsible for the failure. Our development is based on parametric distributional assumptions and the special case for which the failure times for the competing risks have a Weibull distribution is discussed in detail.     

论伍廷芳的司法独立思想

伍廷芳的司法独立思想建构在西方"三权分立"原则之上,其主要内容有三点:一是反对行政权干涉司法权;二是采用西方律师制、陪审制、公开审判、辩论式诉讼、无罪推定等西方资产阶级文明审判方式和原则;三是开办法律学堂,实行法官高薪制。伍廷芳的司法独立思想是中国近代法制思想的重要组成部分。     

自我概念在人际互动中的应用

自我概念对于个体保持内在一致性、对事物做出准确的判断具有积极作用。目前心理学界对自我概念的结构做出了不同的划分。文章从社会互动的角度,提出自我概念应包括"主我"、"客我"和"他我",并进一步探讨了自我概念在人际互动中的作用。     

“自由”、“平等”的呼唤——“五四”时代女作家创作论

妇女解放是"五四 "时期民主知识分子备加关注的一个问题.伴随着"人"的意识的觉醒,追求人格独立、个性自由、婚恋自主已成为"五四"时代广大知识女性的自觉要求,"五四"时代女作家本身就是这样一些知识女性.文章从分析她们的作品入手,论述了女性自身对"自由"平等"的不懈探寻.     

The Independence Number of Graphs with a Forbidden Cycle and Ramsey Numbers

Let k 5 be a fixed integer and let m = (k – 1)/2. It is shown that the independence number of a C _k-free graph is at least c ₁[ d(v)^{1/(m – 1)}]^{(m – 1)/m} and that, for odd k, the Ramsey number r(C _k, K _n) is at most c ₂(n ^{m + 1}/log n)^1/m , where c ₁ = c ₁(m) > 0 and c ₂ = c ₂(m) > 0.     

美籍犹太作家辛格笔下的愚者意蕴

当代美国著名犹太作家艾·巴·辛格以垂死的犹太民族语言意第绪语,创造出了一系列被西方人认为是犹太民族原型的文学典型———愚者形象。文章结合犹太民族的苦难历史和现状、辛格本人在美国的实际境况以及他笔下的愚者受人嘲弄而不被认同的三种情况,深入剖析三种"局外人"的内因,并具体分析了它们的内涵,从而得出结论认为:三种"局外人"都在渴求和平的人道主义。     

坚持辩证唯物主义反对唯心主义

当代中国马克思主义哲学同形形色色唯心主义的斗争是在某些人公开否认马克思主义哲学的条件下,通过对意识形态阵地的占领与反占领、指导与反指导这样新的形式表现出来.譬如"物吾两忘论",否认主体与客体的对立统一关系,否认马克思主义哲学是认识世界和改造世界的认识论和方法论的知识体系;"三分说"否认理论联系实际的基本原则;"主宰和支配客观规律说"片面夸大人的主观能动作用;"当代中国哲学自觉走向人学论"企图用人学来取代马克思主义哲学在当代中国的指导地位.对于这样一些倾向和思潮,我们必须坚决予以批驳和反对,以巩固和捍卫马克思主义哲学阵地.