六朝目录学新变对文体辨析的消极影响——以"文笔说"为例

六朝时期四部分类法的逐步确立,对于文学发展而言其影响并非全然是积极的,将文体辨析限制在集部内部进行,反不能产生较为纯粹的文学观念。以当时最能体现文学独立意向的文笔说为例,文笔之分自始即在四部分类的前提下进行,但到了南朝时期,随着文学批评的不断深入,文笔论者开始本于自己的文学观念而此一前提有所突破,但终未能完全舍弃。二者间的矛盾,使得各家的文笔理论均不能贯彻到底,从而无法产生更为纯粹的文学观念。四部分类对文笔说存在此种影响的原因,是两汉以降文集创作的繁盛所导致的四部分类取代《七略》分类这一过程与文体辨析发展之间的同步性,而此种影响何以是消极的,则在于早期四部分类法实用色彩之浓重。     

《楚辞·天问》所见姜太公事迹考——释“迁臧就岐，何能依？殷有惑妇，何所讥”

郭店楚简有关“吕望为臧”的事迹。为解释《天问》“迁臧就岐，何能依？殷有惑妇，何所讥”一节提供了重要依据，结合《庄子·田子方》篇相关记载，可以推知该节是对姜太公传说的记述。     

Caring about independent lives

With the rhetoric of independence, new cash for care systems were introduced in many developed welfare states at the end of the 20th century. These systems allow local authorities to pay people who are eligible for community care services directly, to enable them to employ their own careworkers. Despite the obvious importance of the careworker’s perceptions of a welfare system aimed at independence for disabled people, this perspective is under‐researched. This article explores this perspective by outlining three examples of careworker strategies (a continuing carer biography, searching for new horizons and acting pragmatically) identified in a cross‐national case study of cash for care in the UK and Norway. The strategies are mainly derived by considering different positions in the labour market and different ways of carrying out this carework. Overall, the paper intends to contribute to the understanding of the complex welfare dilemma between user independence and the nature of carework.     

物联网及其在物流产业中的应用研究

作为一项战略性新兴产业，物联网的出现正在改变着社会的生产方式、生活方式和生存方式。本文探讨了物联网的主要关键技术构成，并深入分析其在运输、仓储、配送和物流信息平台建设等方面的应用，最后指出物联网在物流产业中应用所面临的困难和挑战。     

Birth order effects on young students’ academic achievement

We examine birth order effects on academic achievement for ten-year-old students using data for the entire population of fifth graders in Norway 2007/2008. The analysis thus adds to a thin empirical literature focusing on birth order effects among young children. We find that being firstborn confers a significant advantage in families with two, three and four children. The analysis makes two other contributions. First, we provide evidence that unless mother's age at childbirth is included among the control variables, only small and imprecise birth order effects are revealed in families with low socioeconomic status. Second, we provide some evidence that the birth order effects differ across families with highly educated and less educated mothers, which lend support to the resource dilution model over the confluence model.     

Are people in the South less intelligent than in the North? IQ and the North–South disparity in Italy

Socioeconomic disparity between North and South Italy has been recently explained by Lynn (2010) as the result of a lower intelligence quotient (IQ) of the Southern population. The present article discusses the procedure followed by Lynn, supplementing his data with new information on school assessments and per head regional income. Genetic North–South differences are then discussed on the basis of the most recent literature on the subject. The results do not confirm the suggested IQ-economy causal link.     

The robust economic statistical design of the Hotelling's T2 chart

ABSTRACT

Economic statistical designs aim at minimizing the cost of process monitoring when a specific scenario or a set of estimated process and cost parameters is given. But, in practice the process may be affected by more than one scenario which may lead to severe cost penalties if the wrong design is used. Here, we investigate the robust economic statistical design (RESD) of the T² chart in an attempt to reduce these cost penalties when there are multiple scenarios. Our method is to employ the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method to minimize the total expected monitoring cost across all distinct scenarios. We illustrate the effectiveness of the method using two numerical examples. Simulation studies indicate that robust economic statistical designs should be encouraged in practice.     

多环芳烃的性质与拓扑指数的关系研究 (Ⅰ)二阶连接性指数~2x与分配系数K_(ow)的相关性

提出了多环芳烃的分配系数 (Kow)与其二阶连接性指数 ( 2 x)之间的定量关系方程 ,估算了 4 2个多环芳烃的Kow,估算值与实验值吻合 ,相关系数R =0 .991 4 .     

A Discrete Variable Chain Graph for Applicants for Credit

A bank offering unsecured personal loans may be interested in several related outcome variables, including defaulting on the repayments, early repayment or failing to take up an offered loan. Current predictive models used by banks typically consider such variables individually. However, the fact that they are related to each other, and to many interrelated potential predictor variables, suggests that graphical models may provide an attractive alternative solution. We developed such a model for a data set of 15 variables measured on a set of 14 000 applications for unsecured personal loans. The resulting global model of behaviour enabled us to identify several previously unsuspected relationships of considerable interest to the bank. For example, we discovered important but obscure relationships between taking out insurance, prior delinquency with a credit card and delinquency with the loan.     

The duration of unemployment in Russia

This paper uses longitudinal survey data to assess factors affecting the duration of unemployment in Russia. We examine four types of marginalised labour force participants, according to ILO guidelines and survey responses, and we estimate duration models for each type. It turns out that the sets of characteristics with the strongest effects on the duration are remarkably similar across the different unemployment definitions and model specifications. Therefore, despite the formidable practical measurement problems, problematic groups of individuals can actually be identified. Received: 27 January 1999/Accepted: 27 January 2000