Differential mortality risks from violent causes for foreign- and native-born residents of the USA

This paper examines the differences in adult violent causes (homicide, suicide, vehicle accidents, and otheraccidents) for mortality risks between the Americanforeign- and native-born adult populations, whileconsidering the length of time lived in the USA and the influences of other socio-demographic characteristics. Data came from the National Health InterviewSurvey-National Death Index linked file for the years1989--1995. Cox proportional hazards modelsestimate the association between nativity, length ofstay, and mortality risk for each violent cause. Theresults show that foreign-born persons differ in their risks of violent death vis-á-vis the native-bornpopulation by the amount of the time they have livedin the USA. In particular, recent immigrants (lessthan 15 years) display higher risks fromhomicide, lower risks from suicide, and lower risksfrom other accidents (not vehicle) than thenative-born individuals. This pattern is differentfor longer-term immigrants (15 or more years) whohave, for the most part, similar risks from othercauses of violent death compared to native-bornresidents. The findings suggest that there arecompositional differences between immigrants by length of stay and that the process of acculturation mayinclude the amplification or diminution of risks ofvarious causes of violent death.     

移民社会的信仰：清代镇西民间信仰之考察

以镇西汉移民社区的微观视角观照清代新疆的移民社会,考察镇西汉民族移民社区的形成、分析民间神 的构成、探讨信仰的地域性特征和多元化功能,重点揭示了镇西汉移民社区与内地同质、但又有独特需求与精神创造的民间信仰,其中驼户供奉“马祖”与“冰神”信仰带有鲜明的地域独创性.分析得出清代新疆移民社会对内地民间信仰移植的同时还进行了文化融合与创造,民间信仰作为主导民间大众思想的精神文化,是清代边疆治理移民社会的有效补充方式.     

流动青少年生殖健康的家庭影响

流动青少年的生殖健康知识、态度和行为存在明显的弱质性:总体知识水平较低,尤其是性病与避孕知识缺乏严重;对早恋和对婚前性行为的态度日渐开放;性活动与性行为趋向活跃,意外妊娠和人工流产成为流动未婚青年生殖健康的严重问题。流动青少年家庭客观生存环境较差、父母主观重视不够、家庭教育能力不足、亲子关系欠佳、交流沟通不畅等因素,成为影响流动青少年的生殖健康的重要因素。必须要重视流动人口的家庭发展权,丰富家庭教育支持资源,逐步建立全方位、开放性的性教育和服务模式,促进流动青少年性与生殖健康发展。     

制约三江源地区生态移民迁入地可持续发展的因素

由于三江源地区社会发展的特殊性,在移民进入后迁入地同样面临如何实现可持续发展的问题。本文运用实证分析和规范分析相结合的方法,分析得出后续产业发展缓慢,生态补偿机制建设滞后,生态环境建设难度大,人口增长过快,教育落后、人力资本匮乏,地方政府行为能力建设滞后是制约迁入地实现可持续发展的因素。     

滇川藏毗连藏区流动人口族际关系调查与思考

滇藏川毗连藏区作为联系内地和西藏的重要通道区,历来是多民族流动人口的汇集区。近年来,随着藏区社会经济外向联系的不断增强,各民族人口流入滇藏川毗连藏区的数量和扩散地域不断扩大,流动人口与藏民之间的族际交往途径和族际关系都出现了新形貌和新动态。本文在深入该藏区调查摸底流动人口分布情形基础上,重点对族际认知态度、族际关系感知、族际通婚状况等多个方面进行了量化分析,从而较全面呈现了目前滇藏川毗连藏区中流动人口的族际关系形貌及其变化动态。     

Working with Immigrant Children and Their Families: An Application of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory

The influx of multicultural and multiethnic immigrants to the United States following the liberalization of immigration law in 1965 has resulted in a high representation of children who reside with immigrant families. As these children are approaching early adulthood, their encounter with various ecological systems is likely to be shaped by their cultural differences and the diversity of family settings. Drawing on the insights of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, this article highlights the critical function that family social ecology plays in how children of immigrants will fare over their adolescent life course. By providing a comprehensive picture of how immigrant family process takes place, this article suggests how understanding the ecology of immigrant families can help strengthen social work service delivery.     

Marrying out: A boundary approach to understanding the marital integration of Asian Americans

For decades, studies of intermarriage have provided insights regarding the integration and assimilation of ethnic groups in the US. In this paper, marriage outcomes are analyzed to gain a better understanding of the integration of Asian Americans into American society. Instead of utilizing assimilation theories that focus on individual-level variables such as education and nativity, I extend two theoretical perspectives to develop a boundary approach which emphasizes the how structured contexts at ethnic and racial boundary levels influence intermarriage outcomes. This approach recognizes the layered character of ethnic boundaries and the salience of ethnic and racial boundaries for new immigrant groups. Multinomial logistic regression models are used to analyze 2000 US Census data. The results generally support the theoretical predictions, suggesting that demographic distributions and the ways in which groups are structured in relation to one another along racial and ethnic boundaries are important predictors of intermarriage.     

新移民文学的原罪与原味——重评《北京人在纽约》和《曼哈顿的中国女人》及其历史影响

《北京人在纽约》和《曼哈顿的中国女人》是新移民文学早期的“经典”作品。两部作品凭借“群选经典”效应建立了新移民文学与当代文坛、国内读者、文化市场之间的共生关系。因为市场化的操作手法,两部作品给新移民文学的发展造成诸多负面影响（“原罪”）,同时,在写作上,它们也开启了新移民文学自叙传小说、世俗品格、代际特色和移民情结等鲜明标识（“原味”）。多年来,新移民文学一直沿着《北京人在纽约》《曼哈顿的中国女人》开辟的道路前行,摆脱“原罪”“原味”的束缚,以主体意识乃至间性意识努力超越,这将成为新移民文学保持个性、继续繁荣的关键。     

Reversing welfare reform? Immigrant restoration efforts and food stamp receipt among Mexican immigrant families

The safety net that immigrants face today differs significantly from the immediate post-Welfare Reform era in terms of eligibility and economic context. To inform debates on immigrant access to the safety net, this paper examines implications of the 2002 Farm Security and Rural Investment Act, which restored food stamp eligibility to nearly two-thirds of immigrants who lost eligibility under Welfare Reform. Using data from the 1995–2013 Current Population Survey and a difference-in-difference design, I examine how restoration efforts have influenced food stamp participation and food insecurity rates among low-income Mexican immigrant households with children. I then examine trends in food stamp receipt across policy and economic changes since Welfare Reform. Overall, results suggest that immigrant restoration efforts have reversed some but not all of the negative consequences of Welfare Reform and that immigrant households' use of food stamps has increased, particularly in the wake of the Great Recession.     

Truancy as systemic discrimination: Anti-discrimination legislation and its effect on school attendance among immigrant children

This comparative policy analysis demonstrates that patterns of truancy by immigrant status reflect the degree of systemic (anti-)discrimination institutionalized at the societal level. Based on extensive data from 205,512 children in 9,141 secondary schools across 29 OECD countries, a series of hierarchical generalized linear modeling analyses has been conducted. The results indicate that the extent to which a country has institutionalized anti-discrimination policies attenuates the association between immigrant status and school truancy for both first- and second-generation immigrants. This pattern gives credence to the postulation that an occurrence of truancy is not merely an aberrant behavior but a social incident that mirrors the larger structure in which social goods and opportunities are distributed unevenly across different groups of people. This new insight sheds light on the possibility that immigrant children may benefit from truancy reduction interventions to a greater degree in countries with adequate legal and administrative measures for anti-discrimination.