21世纪中国学界辽金文化史研究的回顾与展望

21世纪以来,中国学界关于辽金文化史的研究成果丰硕。在学术、教育与科举、宗教与艺术、文字与语言等方面取得了很大进展。随着研究的深入,未来学界或将在辽金儒学完整体系的构建、儒释政策的研究、契丹女真文字解读等方面取得进一步的突破。     

中国共产党独立自主思想形成探究

中国共产党独立自主思想是在新民主主义革命的历史动态过程中逐渐形成的.通过对新民主主义革命时期独立自主思想形成经历的萌芽、初步形成和成熟3个阶段历史的梳理,相应地回答了中国共产党能不能、如何能和为什么能实现独立自主3个重要问题,并从中国共产党独立自主的实践能力、成熟的领导集体和成熟的理论指导等方面探讨中国共产党独立自主思想的形成.     

Employee counseling services evaluation system: design, issues and conclusions

Employee Counseling Services (ECS) programs have emerged as an effective method for dealing with employees whose job performance has deteriorated due to personal problems such as alcoholism or drug abuse. It is estimated that 18% of any work force is effected by such problems at any given time and that these employees cost industry billions of dollars annually in lost productivity, abuse of sick leave, etc. One of the critical concerns of this emerging field is the need for comprehensive evaluation that can demonstrate the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefits of ECS programs. This paper will describe the model Federal ECS developed at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as well as the components of the evaluation system designed to determine its effectiveness. The system is the first of its kind and will be a valuable contribution to the field. The paper then raises issues and develops conclusions about designing such an evaluation within the context of a large bureaucracy.     

A Proportional Random Utility Approach to Qualitative Response Models

A new functional form of the response probability for a qualitative response model is proposed. The new model is flexible enough to avoid the constraint of independence from irrelevant alternatives, which is perceived as a weakness of the multinomial logit model in some applications. It is computationally simpler than the multinomial probit model and is promising for analyzing problems with a moderate number of alternatives.     

Reforming the Oversight of Multi-Site Clinical Research: A Review of Two Possible Solutions

The current system for the ethical oversight of clinical research suffers from structural, procedural, and performance assessment problems. Initially conceived primarily to handle local investigator-initiated single-site studies, the system of institutionally-based committee review has become progressively more inefficient given the increased prevalence of commercially or federally sponsored multi-center trials. To date, proposed solutions do not adequately address these problems.

Beginning with a review of these structural, procedural, and performance assessment problems, this article will then consider two proposals for addressing these deficiencies: (a) regional ethics organizations; and (b) IRBNet?, a newly developed web-based program for cooperative IRB review. The strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches will be evaluated in light of recent experience with centralized review. The proposal to establish a system of regional ethics organizations presents a comprehensive approach to many of the problems faced by the current system. However, IRBNet? offers an immediate and feasible solution to many of the problems faced by the review of multi-site clinical studies.     

Nonnormality of Linear Combinations of Normal Random Variables

Hamedani and Tata (1975) showed that the bivariate normal distribution is determined uniquely by any countably infinite collection of distinct linear combinations of the variables and by no finite number of them. It is shown here that this characterization of bivariate normal distribution cannot be extended to the multivariate case. More specifically, it is shown that the multivariate normality of subsets (r < n) of the normal variables X ₁, X ₂, …, X_n together with the normality of an infinite number of linear combinations of them do not guarantee the joint normality of these variables.     

Preference stability and substitution of indifferents: a rejoinder to Seidenfeld

Seidenfeld (Seidenfeld, T. [1988a], Decision theory without 'Independence' or without 'Ordering', Economics and Philosophy 4: 267-290) gave an argument for Independence based on a supposition that admissibility of a sequential option is preserved under substitution of indifferents at choice nodes (S). To avoid a natural complaint that (S) begs the question against a critic of Independence, he provided an independent proof of (S) in his (Seidenfeld, T. [1988b], Rejoinder [to Hammond and McClennen], Economics and Philosophy 4: 309-315). In reply to my (Rabinowicz, W. [1995], To have one's cake and eat it too: Sequential choice and expected-utility violations, The Journal of Philosophy 92: 586-620), in which I argue that the proof is invalid, Seidenfeld (Seidenfeld, T. [2000], Substitution of indifferent options at choice nodes and admissibility: A reply to Rabinowicz, Theory and Decision 48: 305–310 this issue) submits that I fail to give due consideration to one of the underlying assumptions of his derivation: it is meant to apply only to those cases in which the agent's preferences are stable throughout the sequential decision process. The purpose of this note is to clarify the notion of preference stability so as meet this objection.     

国难当头的建设与无为——评《独立评论》关于“无为政治”的讨论

《独立评论》关于“无为政治”的讨论集中反映了国难当头的中国在建设与无为问题上的抉择窘况。面对濒临破产的生产力,“无为”论者主张暂时停止建设,以为农民赢得喘息机会。“建设”论者则强调,国难当头,别说停止建设,即使放缓建设的步伐也不啻在自讨覆亡。实际上,就建设与无为而言,不论作何选择,都不可能收到理想效果。不过,开展学术争论是知识分子表达社会关怀的重要方式,通过这种讨论,他们得以对社会政治生活中存在的弊端进行揭露和批判,并将自由主义的一些基本理念阐发开来。     

20世纪30年代“独立评论派”的农村教育思想

20世纪30年代，在特定的社会背景下，国内各派政治势力纷纷把目光转向农村，促使20年代兴起的乡村建设运动不断走向高涨，受此影响，农村教育问题成为社会各界特别是教育界关注的焦点。聚集在《独立评论》周围的自由派学人，基于对中国乡村社会发展道路的探讨，对当时的乡村建设运动和农村教育思潮提出了不同的看法，形成了比较系统的农村教育思想。以《独立评论》为切入点，探讨自由知识分子有关农村教育的思想和主张，不仅可以从一个独特的视角观照30年代我国乡村教育的现状，也可为当前的新农村建设提供有益的借鉴和帮助。     

魏晋迄隋比部郎隶属及其职掌之变化

比部郎始现于魏晋,隶属于吏部尚书,职掌不明;南朝时期隶属于吏部尚书,主法制;北魏、北齐时期隶属于都官尚书,其职掌除继续主法制外,增加了勾检职能.隋朝继承北朝之制,比部侍郎隶属于刑部尚书,其职掌有向专职勾检转变的趋势.比部郎中的变化原因是尚书省内部机构的调整和职权的专业化.比部郎行使勾检职能,客观上能起到考课官吏的作用.