跨部门协作:青少年服务跨界整合及政策

青少年群体是一个国家和民族不断发展、不断强大的希望和未来,为其提供足量、高效的公共服务,满足青少年群体的发展需求,是政府的重要责任之一。而如何提高政府为青少年服务的水平和能力,涉及到政府职能、组织结构、运行机制、政策设计等问题。当前西方国家政府体制改革的新理论和新动向可以为我们提供一些启示,设计一套有助于整合服务、提高跨界服务能力和水平的青少年服务新策略成为当务之急。     

Self-Neglect and Neglect of Vulnerable Older Adults: Reexamination of Etiology

Using assessment and investigation data from the reported APS cases in Texas, this study examines the types of elder self-neglect and neglect, including medical neglect. It then examines the association between self-neglect and neglect and individual economic resources as well as health care and social service programs for the poor. The findings show that elder self-neglect/neglect is, in large part, attributable to frail older adults' and their families' lack of resources to pay for essential goods and services and the inadequate healthcare and other formal support programs for the older adults and their caregivers. This inadequate public policy coverage, rather than individual and intrafamily risk factors per se, needs to be considered as a significant cause of elder self-neglect/neglect.     

Policy Foundations for Case Management:

The Federal Council on the Aging is now developing a national policy for providing home care for the "frail elderly." Case management is specified as the primary delivery mechanism. This article recommends areas, not now included in the policy considerations, that must be examined before case management goals can be achieved.     

区域副中心城市发展生产性服务业的机理分析

宝鸡作为关中-天水经济区副中心城市,具有雄厚的工业发展基础,当前正处产业结构转型升级的关键时期,首先,西安同质第二产业向宝鸡转移,就要求宝鸡积极发展生产性服务业,实现整合后的本地制造业与生产性服务业融合互动发展;另一方面,宝鸡应该角色转换,扮演西安生产性服务业服务供给的增压辐射角色,从而最终实现副中心城市和中心城市生产性服务业发展的衔接,进而完成区域生产性服务业服务供给的专业化全覆盖。     

Trauma,coping resources,and family functioning in emergency services personnel: A comparative study

In this study a sample of male, shift-working, operational ambulance officers were compared with a group of male shift-workers from a range of occupations in which exposure to traumatic events was not inherent in the role ( N = 71). Three dimensions of family functioning were examined: intimacy, conflict, and parenting styles, with respect to occupational type (i.e. work-related exposure to trauma) and accounting for personal resources (coping). Personal resources were found to have a significant impact on the dimensions of family functioning. Furthermore, differences emerged in the pattern of coping between the two groups. Ambulance officers demonstrated a more varied repertoire of personal resources than the control group. Social support was found to be the sole predictor of intimacy and conflict levels in the control sample. However, in the ambulance group social support was predictive of intimacy levels, rational-cognitive strategies were predictive of conflict levels, and self-care, social support, and rational-cognitive strategies were all significantly correlated with the three dimensions of family functioning.     

Informal care and support for carers in Sweden: patterns of service receipt among informal caregivers and care recipients

This study describes and analyses the kinds of support received by different categories of informal carers, and the kinds of help that care recipients receive in addition to that provided by various categories of carers. Data were collected in a Swedish county in 2000, by means of telephone interviews. The net sample consisted of 2,697 individuals 18–84 years old, and the response rate was 61%. The results showed that relatively few carers in any care category received any kind of support aimed directly at them as carers. The most widespread form of support received by providers of personal care was relief services. Those most likely to be receiving care from the public care system were people also receiving personal care from an informal caregiver. Nevertheless, the majority of those receiving personal care from an informal carer did not receive any help from the public care system or from voluntary organizations or for-profit agencies. These results indicate that social policy and social work need to clarify the aims of the services they provide. They also need to take the needs of both caregivers and recipients into account when discussing support systems.     

Understanding the Determinants of Service Channel Preference in the Early Stages of Adoption: A Social Cognitive Perspective on Online Brokerage Services*

In today's increasingly technology‐mediated world, individuals are often confronted with a decision of whether to obtain services through online, self‐service technologies or traditional, nontechnological alternatives. Understanding the mechanisms by which consumers choose among these competing service channels represents an important concern for organizations, consumers, and Web site designers. This study develops a research model based on Social Cognitive Theory to explain and predict service channel preferences that arise in the early stages of adoption, before a consumer conducts business using a particular channel. The model is subsequently tested in the brokerage services context, using observations obtained via survey. Given the growing popularity of online investing combined with the challenging prospect of making optimal decisions in an inherently risky environment, the context offers insights of practical and theoretical importance. The results suggest that task‐specific self‐efficacy beliefs serve as the activating mechanism kicking off a chain of psychological events that entice consumers to favor a particular service channel. Higher levels of self‐efficacy induce individuals to prefer the online approach. In addition to its direct effect on preference for the online service channel, higher levels of self‐efficacy influence one's propensity to take risks and expectations of performance‐oriented rewards, which, in turn, sway consumers to favor the online service channel. Furthermore, self‐efficacy and perceptions concerning the credibility of online information interact to affect service channel preference. Consumers are more likely to prefer the online service channel when they view themselves as capable and perceive online sources to be credible. Implications for theory and practice are discussed in light of the findings.     

Dynamic Capability Building in Service Value Networks for Achieving Service Innovation

Service organizations increasingly create new service offerings that are the result of collaborative arrangements operating on a value network level. This leads to the notion of “elevated service offerings,” our definition of service innovation, implying new or enhanced service offerings that can only be eventuated as a result of partnering, and one that could not be delivered on individual organizational merits. Using empirical data from a large telecommunications company, we demonstrate through structural equation modeling (SEM) that higher‐order dynamic capabilities in services are generated as a result of collaboration between stakeholders. Furthermore, it is through collaboration and education of the stakeholders that additional higher‐order capabilities emerge (customer engagement [CuE], collaborative agility [CA], entrepreneurial alertness [EA], and collaborative innovative capacity), all of which influence the service innovation outcome. Our study also reveals empirical evidence for an ongoing process of continuous dynamic capability building in accordance with the changing dynamics of business. Managers of service organizations should recognize the potential embedded in these higher‐order skill sets, starting from collaboration, learning, and management of creative ideas for both strategic and operational benefits. Moreover, the capabilities of CA, EA, and CuE are even more important in managing the flexibility, timely delivery, and reliability of service offerings. Managers should take measures to inculcate, promote, and manage these dynamic capability skill sets to foster innovation in services.     

基于Web Services的异构数据资源透明访问技术

web Services技术作为新一代分布式计算技术,能够为异构数据资源的集成提供强有力的支持.由于科技资源数据库学科特点及资源单位的自治性,资源描述格式不统一、信息交换和共享不畅.针对该现状,提出基于web Services的异构数据资源透明访问方案,给出系统体系框架及实现中的关键技术.通过web Services注册机制将各数据资源单位提供的数据和建设方法进行注册,为用户提供一个统一透明的访问接口.     

基于Web Services的电子政务系统研究

通过介绍电子政务的基本理论以及现阶段电子政务在我国发展中存在的问题,提出Web Services的体系结构,将其应用到电子政务系统中以解决其通用、跨平台、可维护等方面的问题。利用Web服务的平台独立性、松散耦合性等特点,将基于Web服务的电子政务系统与政府内部应用程序进行集成,并且与外部其它政府部门进行协同合作,实现信息共享。通过分析Web服务技术实现信息流通与共享的关键技术,设计了一个基于Web服务的电子政务系统平台模型。