Factorial Validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) in a Sample of Spanish Social Workers

Burnout has been considered important to understanding the well-being of social workers and the quality of the services they render. Despite the ample international usage of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, its psychometric properties have come into question and alternative models of measuring the inventory have been suggested. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and the applicability of a Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) in an incidental sample of 947 social workers. Three alternative models of the MBI-HSS were tested for the purpose of identifying the most suitable model for measuring burnout in Spain. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the theory that the model of three correlated factors was superior to alternative models of one and two factors. The structure of three factors (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) and 19 items showed the best adjustment and a suitable internal consistency of the dimensions of the MBI-HSS. These findings demonstrate that the MBI-HSS has validity and reliability acceptable for measuring burnout in social workers, providing valuable information to the managers of social services in order to reduce burnout among social workers. The limitations of the study and recommendations for future investigation are emphasized.     

高度老龄化地区养老服务探索及发展策略研究--以天津市为例

人口老龄化加剧、社会经济发展转型与政府职能转变成为大力推动养老服务发展的客观要求。天津市已成为我国高度老龄化地区之一,在政府主导下初步形成了以社区居家养老和机构养老为主干的养老服务体系。但养老服务建设缺乏详细规划且管理机制尚未健全、养老服务事业的经费投入难以满足现实需求、区域间的养老服务资源非均等性明显、民办养老机构发展困难、专业养老护理人员缺乏等问题逐渐显现。未来时期应完善制度顶层设计和明确政府养老服务财政责任、促进养老服务管理标准化和加强行业监管、构建公办与民办养老机构差异化发展格局、促进养老服务人员的多元化与专业化、探索建立老年护理保险制度,从而推动养老服务健康发展。     

WTO与中国电信服务业的发展(二)

本文针对中国加入 WTO后可能对中国电信服务业带来的影响从三个方面进行了分析 :1.关于服务贸易及其自由化的有关认识 ,内容包括 :WTO与服务贸易 ;服务贸易自由化的历史等 ;2 .中国入世的背景 ,包括 :发展中国家对于加入 WTO的态度 ;中国要求加入 WTO的宏观因素 ;电信业发展的客观需要 ;双边谈判的焦点。3 .对策 ,如外国电信公司将如何进入中国电信市场 ;中国电信业的对策 ;有关影响的分析等     

Can study tours help promote evidence-based practice in children's services?

Interest in evidence-based programmes and the science underpinning them has mushroomed in the UK and Ireland in recent years as policy-makers and senior managers seek tried-and-tested methods of improving child well-being. This article examines whether study tours, a form of experiential learning, can help to promote evidence-based policy and practice in children's services. Participants on two study tours to the United States in 2005 to visit evidence-based programmes and their developers were interviewed by telephone 30–36 months later. Results are presented in terms of: (1) what participants felt they were exposed to on the study tours; (2) how the tours had changed their thinking; (3) what impact the tours had in terms of actions; (4) the factors that affected the impact of the study tours; and (5) the value added by the study tours over and above other means of learning about evidence and evidence-based services.     

伊斯兰文化的金融约束与微型金融发展

本文利用文化维度理论,剖析了伊斯兰地区的人文特征,深入研究了伊斯兰文化的金融约束及当地微型金融服务的现实需求与人文嵌入方式。伊斯兰文化具有权利差距小、不确定性规避强、集体主义、阴柔气质以及长期取向等五大特征;伊斯兰文化对微型金融服务具有强力的约束效应,不但反对高利贷和利率,而且强调借贷双方的道德准则;伊斯兰微型金融服务通过成本加融资、利润共享及慈善贷款三种方式融入伊斯兰社区,因展现出形式灵活、运作高效等优越性而普受欢迎;微型金融服务与社区人文环境的有效交融是伊斯兰微型金融取得成功的关键之处。     

Closed Sequential and Multistage Inference on Binary Responses With or Without Replacement

Logistic regression is used by practitioners and researchers in many fields, but is undoubtedly used most frequently in medical and biostatistical applications. Maximum likelihood is generally the estimation method of choice, but we show that maximum likelihood can produce very poor results under certain conditions. Specifically, the poor performance of maximum likelihood in the case of rare events is known and we review research on this topic. We primarily examine the performance of maximum likelihood in the presence of near separation, which has apparently not been studied. Exact logistic regression is the logical alternative to maximum likelihood. We offer a comparison of the two methods of estimation.     

流动人口计划生育公共服务评估及创新——基于五地市的调查

基于对五地市的调查,本研究对流动农村人口计生公共服务实施情况进行了分析评估.综合政策认知、接受的人口计生公共服务项目、服务需求、服务满意度等方面情况的调查结果,发现:当前流动人口计生公共服务还存在服务内容不丰富、服务方式不科学、政策执行不到位、保障机制不健全、管理机制不协调、服务不均等等诸多问题和制约.转变政府公共服务职能和理念、拓展服务内容、丰富服务方式、完善保障机制有助于提升流动人口计生公共服务的水平和效能.     

Efficiency Evaluation in Search Advertising

In this article, we use data envelopment analysis combined with principal component analysis to evaluate the efficiency of online retailers in search advertising. We examine various efficiency model specifications involving several resource and performance‐related variables in search advertising. Our analysis based on 200 retailers suggests different efficiency patterns for multichannel and Web‐only retailers. The results of our efficiency pattern analysis indicate that the performance metrics, impressions, online sales, click‐through rate, and conversion rate together reveal differences in efficiency mainly for multichannel retailers. On the other hand, ad positions in sponsored and organic links reveal differences in efficiency for Web‐only retailers. In terms of overall efficiency, we find that multichannel retailers occupy relatively most of the top positions. These results contribute to organizational level understanding of search advertising practices in online retailing and offer insights into keyword management, resource utilization, and performance metrics in search advertising campaigns.     

国际服务业生产率的发展趋势及影响因素分析

生产率是经济增长的发动机。在全球呈现出“工业型经济”向“服务型经济”转型的总趋势下,服务业生产率已成为国内外学者研究的重点。在分析服务业生产率影响因素的基础上,采用IMD中参评的45个国家（地区）的1997—2005年服务业相关数据,构建了多层线性模型以探索国际服务业生产率发展规律。研究表明：国际服务业生产率呈线性增长趋势,各国服务业生产率水平差异明显,但各国服务业生产率增长速度差异不显著;中国服务业生产率与国际平均水平差距较大,起点较低;在期初,工资、劳动者素质、信息技术对服务业生产率均有正向作用,而技术创新的影响不显著;随时间的发展,劳动者素质、信息技术对服务业生产率没有显著作用,而技术创新的正向作用显著。     

服务企业的国际化战略

本文分析了打算进入国际市场的服务企业所面临的主要挑战,然后提出了服务企业国际化的五种相互并不完全排斥的战略。它们是：直接出口服务,即最适合于面向产业市场的维修和保养服务;系统出口,指由两家或多家提供互补性解决方案的企业开展的合作出口;直接进入模式,指服务企业在国外市场直接建立子公司;间接进入模式,适用于那些不愿意直接在国外设立拥有全部或部分所有权的子公司的服务企业,通常通过授权协议或特许经营方式由当地企业提供服务;电子营销,这种方式使企业不必局限于某一特定市场。