Impact of methods for reducing respondent burden on personal network structural measures

We examine methods for reducing respondent burden in evaluating alter–alter ties on a set of network structural measures. The data consist of two sets, each containing 45 alters from respondent free lists: the first contains 447 personal networks, and the second 554. Respondents evaluated the communication between 990 alter pairs. The methods were (1) dropping alters from the end of the free-list, (2) randomly dropping alters, (3) randomly dropping links, and (4) predicting ties based on transitivity. For some measures network structure is captured with samples of less than 20 alters; other measures are less consistent. Researchers should be aware of the need to sample a minimum number of alters to capture structural variation.     

Csiszar’s ϕ-divergences for testing the order in a Markov chain

x ₁, ..., x _n+r can be treated as the sample values of a Markov chain of order r or less (chain in which the dependence extends over r+1 consecutive variables only), and consider the problem of testing the hypothesis H ₀ that a chain of order r− 1 will be sufficient on the basis of the tools given by the Statistical Information Theory: _ϕ-Divergences. More precisely, if p _{a 1 ....., a r}: _{a r +1} denotes the transition probability for a r ^th order Markov chain, the hypothesis to be tested is H ₀:p _{a 1 ....., a r}: _{a r +1} = p _{a 2 ....., a r}: _{a r +1}, a _i ∈{1, ..., s}, i = 1, ..., r + 1 The tests given in this paper, for the first time, will have as a particular case the likelihood ratio test and the test based on the chi-squared statistic. Received: August 3, 1998; revised version: November 25, 1999     

Multivariate Measures of Well-Being and an Analysis of Inequality in the Michigan Data

We demonstrate a multidimensional approach for combining several indicators of well-being, including the traditional money-income indicators. This methodology avoids the difficult and much criticized task of computing imputed incomes for such indicators as net worth and schooling. Inequality in the proposed composite measures is computed using relative inequality indexes that permit simple analysis of both the contribution of each welfare indicator (and its factor components) and within and between components of total inequality when the population is grouped by income levels, age, gender, or any other criteria. The analysis is performed on U.S. data using the Michigan Survey of Income Dynamics.     

网络语言:信息时代的言说方式

随着网络技术的飞速发展 ,网上获取信息、网上交流日益成为一种新的潮流。因此 ,信息时代诞生了属于自己的言说方式。本文试图通过对网络语言的初步考察 ,勾划出这种新兴语言的基本特点 ,并从语言规范化的角度分析指出其存在的问题以及规范的方法等。     

INFORMATION INTERDEPENDENCE: Keohane and Nye's complex interdependence in the information age

A well-known and respected attempt to theorize interdependence in the field of international relations is complex interdependence. In Power and Interdependence , Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Jr define interdependence as reciprocal effects among actors resulting from 'international transactions - flows of money, goods, people and messages across international boundaries'. Though much research has been done on the effects of interdependence on the first three, the flows of messages have been studied less often. Keohane and Nye addressed the issue in a 1998 article in Foreign Affairs , discussing changes in the global environment resulting from the information age which have had an impact on their ideas. This article proposes to go deeper into complex interdependence. The world is becoming increasingly 'information interdependent' and this essay is an attempt to apply the assumptions and concepts presented in complex interdependence to the information age. In the final analysis, complex interdependence complements research from the field of communications, that information flows should be understood as underlying mechanisms and processes that facilitate contextual understanding of issues. It maintains the integrity of the assumptions of complex interdependence, while adding an understanding of the nature of information and information flows.     

经营性水电站PROT项目资本结构研究

提出用PROT创新项目融资模式解决目前经营性中小水电站存在的一系列问题，提出了资本结构是影响项目成功与否的重要因素；介绍了PROT水电站开发创新模式及资本结构的理论内涵，分析了PROT水电项目中合理的资本结构对项目价值的影响及在PROT水电项目资本结构决策中的影响因素，构建了水电站PROT最佳资本结构模型以降低PROT项目财务风险，获得最大投资回报，从而提高项目价值，为水电站PROT项目创新模式的成功运行提供保障。     

阿拉伯国家现代信息技术的发展与挑战

以计算机、互联网和卫星通讯为代表的现代信息技术自20世纪七十年代开始在全球飞速发展。信息全球化正改变着人们以往的生产和生活方式，发达国家凭借信息技术优势优先享有信息全球化带来的诸多裨益，而处于先天弱势的发展中国家如何面对信息不对称竞争已成为所在国文化安全战略的重要考量。同样，阿拉伯国家虽然与发达国家在该领域存在差距，但为了建立符合本国利益的信息化社会，这些国家正加大对信息技术的投入，一些依托自身优势条件发展信息产业的阿拉伯国家已崭露头角。     

关于分割股票市场间信息传递的过程研究

应用结构向量自回归(SVAR)模型对国内外分割市场间的信息传递过程进行了研究,尤其是分析B股的开放和QFII制度的实施对国内市场信息传递过程的影响.研究发现:H股和S&P500指数对A、B股具有显著的收益率溢出效应,反映了国内外市场的融合趋势;QFII制度实施后,A、B股收益率之间的信息传递过程反映了A、B股系统风险的降低;相应地,国内A、B股投机性也在减弱,说明在国外投资者的示范效应下,国内投资者交易理念渐趋成熟,从而进一步反映了国内资本市场的成熟.     

公众满意结构的初步研究

本文在对相关研究进行述评的基础上,通过预调查编制公众满意结构调查问卷,对1566名成年人的正式调查表明,我国的公众满意主要包含七个因子:政府形象、社会安全、经济调控、教育就业与保健、人文生态保护、国际参与和民主政治;调查数据显示上述七因子受公众关注的程度存在着差异。研究结果为公众满意的测评内容提供了一个框架,也为公共行政的工作重点提供了参考。     

试析狭义批判性思维

狭义批判性思维是对信息试图否定的思维方法,其逻辑机制包括否定、否定的否定、否定与肯定的辨证统一三种情况。批判性思维独具特征,在有效甄别信息、变革思维方式、推动学术创新、塑造创新型人才等方面有着重要的现实意义。