Discretionary Use of Computers: An Empirically Derived Explanatory Model*

This study identifies variables that explain variations in computer use. Factor analysis of data gathered from 422 business administration faculty reveal eight themes among the independent variables. Seven of these factors significantly discriminate among non, minimal, and high users. These results suggest an empirical model for future studies and provide policy insights for decision makers seeking to stimulate computer usage. Additionally, the study shows that there is much commonality between the previously separate organizational innovation and information systems implementation streams. It also demonstrates that motivation theory may be a valid framework within which to study computer use.     

Cognitive Fit: A Theory-Based Analysis of the Graphs Versus Tables Literature*

A considerable amount of research has been conducted over a long period of time into the effects of graphical and tabular representations on decision-making performance. To date, however, the literature appears to have arrived at few conclusions with regard to the performance of the two representations. This paper addresses these issues by presenting a theory, based on information processing theory, to explain under what circumstances one representation outperforms the other. The fundamental aspects of the theory are: (1) although graphical and tabular representations may contain the same information, they present that information in fundamentally different ways; graphical representations emphasize spatial information, while tables emphasize symbolic information; (2) tasks can be divided into two types, spatial and symbolic, based on the type of information that facilitates their solution; (3) performance on a task will be enhanced when there is a cognitive fit (match) between the information emphasized in the representation type and that required by the task type; that is, when graphs support spatial tasks and when tables support symbolic tasks; (4) the processes or strategies problem solvers use are the crucial elements of cognitive fit since they provide the link between representation and task; the processes identified here are perceptual and analytical; (5) so long as there is a complete fit of representation, processes, and task type, each representation will lead to both quicker and more accurate problem solving. The theory is validated by its success in explaining the results of published studies that examine the performance of graphical and tabular representations in decision making.     

电子商务环境下高校图书馆的信息服务

文章论述了高校图书馆应用电子商务的必要性和可行性,分析了高校图书馆运用电子商务模式的发展前景,提出了电子商务环境下高校图书馆信息服务的策略。     

管理信息系统课程的教学探索

管理信息系统是经管类专业的必修课程之一,随着信息技术、计算机和网络技术的快速发展,管理信息系统课程在教学内容和教学方式上要不断地进行更新和优化.根据目前高校实际教学情况,分析了管理信息系统课程教学中存在的诸如教学内容缺乏针对性、教学方法单一、教学过程不注重实践环节等问题,提出了更新教学内容、改进教学方法和优化实践环节的教学改革思路和方案.     

A new estimator of Kullback–Leibler information and its application in goodness of fit tests*

We propose here a general statistic for the goodness of fit test of statistical distributions. The proposed statistic is constructed based on an estimate of Kullback–Leibler information. The proposed test is consistent and the limiting distribution of the test statistic is derived. Then, the established results are used to introduce goodness of fit tests for the normal, exponential, Laplace and Weibull distributions. A simulation study is carried out for examining the power of the proposed test and to compare it with those of some existing procedures. Finally, some illustrative examples are presented and analysed, and concluding comments are made.     

基于高维波动率网络模型的股票市场风险特征研究

波动率是金融风险管理研究的重要内容之一。本文基于复杂网络理论和数据挖掘技术提出股票市场的高维波动率网络模型。首先运用互信息度量不同股票价格波动之间的相关关系,其次对股票市场不同周期下的波动情况建立度的中心势、平均距离、幂律分布等网络拓扑指标,再次根据这些指标利用Prim算法构建出高维波动率网络模型,最后运用Newman-Girvan算法对股票价格波动率的相关性进行分层研究。高维波动率网络模型突破了传统波动率模型关于变量维数的限制,能够在依赖少量假设的基础上,挖掘出多个金融市场主体间的相互关系,反映金融市场的风险特征及网络拓扑性质。实证结果发现：与常用的Pearson相关系数法相比,在互信息框架下,股价波动的非线性相关关系得到了更好的度量;股票市场的整体波动性与个股波动率相关性变化趋势相反,市场处在高波动时期资产组合分散化效果较好;网络中存在少量度数大的关键节点和中心节点,风险通过这些节点可以迅速传递到整个市场;股票市场的运行具有明显的行业聚集现象;网络分层研究进一步直观的展现了风险在层与层之间的传递规律和与之对应的行业特征。高维波动率网络模型为挖掘股票市场的风险特征与管理金融风险提供了一个新的工具。     

环境信息不对称、机构投资者实地调研与企业环境治理

基于信息不对称理论,本文以2013-2016年深交所重污染行业上市公司为研究样本,分析了机构投资者实地调研对企业环境治理的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,机构投资者实地调研对企业环境治理具有积极的推动作用;在环境信息披露较差以及本地子公司较多的企业中,机构投资者实地调研的环境治理作用更为明显。进一步考察实地调研对企业环境治理的影响路径发现,机构投资者实地调研推动了企业环境治理的资本市场监督和媒体监督。本文的研究验证了信息不对称理论在环境治理中的作用,拓宽了实地调研经济后果的研究领域,对于深入理解并推动我国企业环境治理具有重要的现实意义。     

要素匹配与中国投资效率空间差异性——基于双层嵌套型函数的分解研究

本文基于四要素双层嵌套的生产函数,利用1990-2016年全国层面及省际层面数据测算投资效率,并分析其空间结构特征及演变轨迹,检验投资效率匹配效应影响因素。研究发现：①1990-2016年我国整体投资效率呈下降趋势,资本-技能劳动匹配效应与整体投资效率走势趋同,快速累积的资本存量和不断升级的资本质量与短缺的技能劳动之间矛盾突出。②东中西部地区投资效率增长非一致性明显。东部地区资本相对投资效率明显高于中西部,但下降幅度大于中西部,中西部与东部地区之间差距缩小,其中匹配效应是区域间投资效率非平衡的主要成因。③若产业结构升级的技能劳动需求不能满足,将引发要素错配,不利于有效投资。房价与工资提升分别通过影响技能劳动供给和需求抑制要素匹配效率;教育和公路设施会对地区要素匹配产生积极影响,改善地区间投资效率非均衡性;地区投资效率存在显著正向空间相关性,毗邻地区的要素流动和经济发展相近地区的技术溢出均对投资效率产生积极的影响。     

DEVIL'S ADVOCACY AND DIALECTICAL INQUIRY EFFECTS ON PREDICTION PERFORMANCE: TASK INVOLVEMENT AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE

Critics of previous laboratory experiments comparing devil's advocacy (DA) to dialectical inquiry (DI) have suggested that these experiments produced misleading results because (1) they used subjects who had low levels of task involvement and (2) the DI treatment used was confusing to subjects and required further explanation to be useful. The present study examines the effects of four inquiry methods—expert (E), DA, DI, and DI with explanatory statement (DI+)—on subjects' performance at a financial prediction task. Results show that DA, DI, and DI + were superior to E when the state of the world differed significantly from assumptions underlying the expert's plan. For subjects with high task involvement, DI and DI + were more effective than E and DA. The results support some of the criticisms of previous laboratory research and suggest that future research on these decision aids should include task involvement as a factor.     

信息时代的翻译工具

我们正处于一个多语言网络的信息时代,如何有效地使用现代化手段来突破人们之间的语言障碍,成为了全人类面临的共同问题.翻译是克服语言障碍的有利手段.信息时代的翻译工具有:机器翻译系统、因特网上的语言翻译资源、CD-ROM上的语言翻译资源、计算机辅助术语管理系统、双语对应语料库、翻译记忆软件和本土化软件工具、机助翻译系统.掌握了信息时代的这些翻译工具,就可以大大地提高翻译的效率,满足信息时代对翻译的迫切需要.