我国财政支出结构的调整与优化

主要从我国目前财政支出的现状出发,实证地分析了我国财政支出结构及其存在的问题,在此基础上提出了在公共财政体制下,如何调整和优化财政支出结构,使财政支出结构更加合理、更加符合市场经济的客观要求。     

Balanced arrays of strength 4 and balanced fractional 3m factorial designs

A connection between a balanced fractional 2^m factorial design of resolution 2l + 1 and a balanced array of strength 2l with index set {μ₀, μ₁,…, μ_2l} was established by Yamamoto, Shirakura and Kuwada (1975). The main purpose of this paper is to give a connection between a balanced fractional 3^m factorial design of resolution V and a balanced array of strength 4, size N, m constraints, 3 levels and index set {λ_l0l1l2}.     

Testing and Expanding a Model of Cognitive Processing of Risk Information

Scholars have begun to explore the role of modes of information processing and related audience characteristics in reactions to risky situations and risk information.((11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20))"Information processing" concerns how people attend to and consider available information: systematic processors analyze messages and situations carefully, while heuristic processors skim and use cues (e.g., opinions of trusted reference groups) for quick judgments. This article uses scenarios about a semi-hypothetical industrial facility, in particular risk comparisons being considered by its manager for inclusion in a talk to the community, to explore the impact of information processing. Information insufficiency, self-assessed capacity to understand information, and information-seeking propensities are tested for potential effects on information processing about industrial risks by people living near industry. As well as testing established models, this article explores the additional explanatory value of involvement, relevance, and ability (Earle et al., 1990) and objective knowledge. Both existing model variables and new ones have significant effects on information seeking and information processing in this case, and partly confirm earlier results. Trumbo((17,18)) found that heuristic processors saw lower risk and systematic processors higher risk from suspected cancer clusters. In this study, reporting knowledge about local industrial risks as insufficient for one's purposes and self-reported avoidance of such information both raised ratings of the facility's risk and lowered ratings of its acceptability. Neither type of information processing significantly affected risk or acceptability judgments, but both increased risk ratings and heuristic processing had more effect than systematic processing. Positive ratings of risk comparisons' clarity and meaningfulness decreased risk and increased acceptability ratings, dominated other information variables in predictive power, and exceeded risk, benefit, and trust in contribution to acceptability judgments. Despite differences across studies in designs and variables, and the embryonic development of appropriate (self-reported) measures for use in field surveys, these results confirm the potential value of further research in how information seeking and processing affect risk beliefs and reactions to risk communications.     

The impact of industry IPOs on acquisitions of new ventures: An information spillovers perspective

The announcements of initial public offerings (IPOs) in an industry can convey to potential acquirers information about the growth prospects of the rivals of ventures undertaking IPOs, thereby increasing their likelihood of being acquired. We investigate several information diffusion mechanisms to examine how information conveyed by industry IPOs shape such acquisitions. We also develop a contingency perspective on how the value of such information spillovers will vary across acquirers. Our empirical evidence indicates that information in the IPO market channeled via media coverage, analyst coverage, and IPO underpricing raises an acquirer's likelihood of acquiring a private venture. Thus, the information intermediated as a consequence of IPOs relaxes the constraints of an acquirer's information environment, and this is particularly the case for diversifying acquirers.     

关于发展跨国经营,提高我国企业国际竞争力的思考

跨国经营自二战后产生以来发展迅速,尤其是进入９０年代达到了兴盛时期。许多发达国家通过制定全球战略,在海外投资、生产,获取了巨大利益。我国自改革开放以来,一些企业踏出国门从事跨国经营,虽然也不乏成功之例,但总的来看数量少、规模小、区域分布不广,且技术密集型项目少。究其原因,主要由于从事跨国经营的企业大多是中小型企业,在对外投资方面的政策及措施不健全,管理落后,缺乏跨国经营的人才,信息系统不完善等。针对以上存在的问题,文章提出了几点建议：加强联合以壮大企业跨国经营的规模和实力;完善对外投资方面的政策及措施;加强对跨国企业的管理;培养跨国经营人才;加强信息开发等     

产业结构、空间结构与城镇化效率

我国城镇化发展已由以城镇化率增长为主的传统城镇化迈入以质量提升为主的新型城镇化,而城镇化效率是反映城镇化质量的综合指标。本文从产业和空间两个维度构建了我国城镇化效率提升的理论分析框架,并利用动态空间面板模型实证检验了产业结构和空间结构对城镇化效率的作用机制与影响效应。研究发现,与产业间结构的服务化调整相比,产业内各行业生产率增长才是城镇化效率提升的主要来源,并在考虑了一系列稳健性检验后结论仍然成立;在省域空间范围内,多中心的城市空间结构更有利于城镇化效率改善,但这一影响效应伴随着城镇化率提高和城市规模扩大而变弱。本文蕴含的重要政策启示是,当前我国应将城镇化效率纳入新型城镇化建设的考量目标,并以生产率增长作为产业结构调整的主导方向,尤其是在城镇化程度和城市规模均不高的情况下,慎重采用服务业对工业的“腾龙换鸟”或“退二进三”的城镇化发展战略。     

Public expectations of crisis outcomes in the social media era in China: A communication-mediated psychological mechanism

This study theoretically and empirically identifies a new typology of Chinese publics’ normative expectations of crisis outcomes. It classifies the concept into three culturally relevant dimensions—public expectations of (a) organizational accommodative responses (i.e., how an in-crisis organization should respond), (b) punishment of the organization (i.e., how publics collectively should respond), and (c) government intervention (i.e., how government should respond) for desirable crisis outcomes. Using an online survey of the Beijing public, this study investigates the degree to which information seeking and online expression mediate relationships between crisis blame and the three types of expectations. The study finds that as the level of crisis blame increases, active information seekers expect more regarding organizational accommodation and government intervention, whereas active expressers expect stronger punishments of the organization and less government intervention in China.     

利益、信息与偏好:美军与安巴尔部落镇压叛乱的代理人战争

2006年至2008年,美军与伊拉克安巴尔部落在打击“伊拉克伊斯兰国”的过程中发展出代理关系。本文尝试从利益、信息与偏好三个维度来观察和理解美军与当地部落之间复杂的互动关系。在美军与当地部落的互动过程中,双方之间的利益匹配脆弱,在未受到“伊拉克伊斯兰国”威胁和美军持续激励的情况下,当地部落几乎不会遵从美军的偏好行事,这一潜在分歧在“伊拉克伊斯兰国”被严重削弱后逐渐凸显;当地部落拥有非对称信息优势,致使美军对部落的自主行为缺乏有效监督;安巴尔部落之间存在的偏好异质问题,阻碍了它们设置代理议程并采取集体行动。总体上看,双方的合作仍采用应急反应策略,尚未形成以长远利益为基础的稳固代理关系。     

香港产业结构变动对收入分配的影响——基于人口普查数据的分析

香港是全球发达的市场经济体之一，也是贫富差距最大的地区之一。本文主要采用香港2006、2001及2011年人口普查数据，并结合产业结构变动历史对香港产业结构变动如何影响收入分配的议题展开研究。本文认为，香港产业结构变动形塑了当前的行业、职业结构，决定了经济发展重心和未来发展方向。此外，经由教育途径，香港产业结构知识专业化的特征已日益凸显。由此，香港产业结构不但缔造了当地经济繁荣，同时通过行业、职业、教育等变量对香港收入分配产生了深远影响。作者期望，本研究的开展能为香港产业升级提供绵薄的科学参考依据，以此实现香港经济健康、可持续发展和收入分配公平的美好愿景。