企业体系结构的建模框架研究

经济全球化的趋势深刻影响着企业组织管理的各方面.在新的环境下,企业的业务处在不断变化的过程中,企业信息系统(Enterprise Information Systems,EIS)作为企业管理系统的重要组成部分,面临前所未有的挑战.EIS项目的开发方式存在的问题使得业务与技术的演进难以同步,阻碍了企业的变革.近年来,企业体系结构(En-terprise Architecture,EA)的研究在信息管理领域正得到越来越多的关注.EA作为业务流程和IT架构的组织逻辑,反映了标准化和集成化的公司运作模型,目标是得到业务的敏捷性和利润的增长.本文探讨EIS开发方法的问题,介绍EA的概念和代表框架,总结EA的一般特点,研究EA对EIS开发的重要意义.     

信息环境、年报披露时间选择与下年盈余管理

年报披露时间是否有助于投资者合理估计下年盈余管理程度,不同信息环境对这种估计又有什么影响?本文利用2004-2006年间的3451家公司样本对此进行了检验.结果表明:年报披露时间与下年盈余管理负相关,年报披露时间能向市场传递有效的未来信号;在标准审计意见和有较高质量经营现金流量支持的信息环境下,年报披露时间选择对下年盈余管理的信号作用更强.这些结论对理解公司年报披露时间安排有一定积极意义.     

社会化电子商务中卖家与非卖家信息分享行为差异

  目前社会化电子商务对用户分享行为的激励措施单一,缺乏吸引力,急需个性化的、有针对性的激励方式。社会化电子商务网站上,除了普通用户分享产品和购物信息外,一些电子商务卖家也分享产品相关信息以吸引消费者,拥有不同身份属性的用户被不同因素所激励。因此,为了设计个性化的激励方式,社会化电子商务平台需要进一步了解激励用户信息分享行为的关键因素的影响强度是否随着卖家与非卖家身份属性的不同而有所差异。         基于社会认知理论提出影响用户分享行为的关键因素,包括预期个人结果、预期社区结果和自我效能。采用目标理论,认为卖家为自我卷入型用户,非卖家为任务卷入型用户,并对卖家和非卖家不同身份用户的信息分享行为影响因素的差异建立理论研究模型。采用问卷调查法收集1 177位社会化电子商务用户的信息分享意愿及其影响因素的相关数据,运用Spss 19.0进行测量模型和t检验分析,以验证假设。         研究结果表明,结果期望和自我效能对信息分享意愿的影响强度在卖家与非卖家之间有显著的差异,卖家的分享意愿更多地受到预期个人结果和自我效能的影响,非卖家的分享意愿受到预期社区结果的影响。         研究结果拓展了社会化电子商务领域关于信息分享行为的相关研究,为后续研究提供了可能性。建议电子商务网站运营者在制定和实施激励计划时,应充分考虑用户的不同身份属性,有针对性地提供激励,以最大化地鼓励用户参与,保障网站健康发展。     

Sustainable consumption and third-party certification labels: Consumers’ perceptions and reactions

Compared with conventional products, sustainable products continue to attract relatively lower market shares. To increase customer acceptance, many sustainable products feature third-party certification labels (TPCL), yet it is unclear whether TPCL are effective and what processes and boundary conditions define their role in consumer decision making. Across three experimental studies, this research determines that sustainable products are characterized by credence qualities, associated with increased perceptions of risk, which negatively influence consumers' purchase intentions. Drawing on signaling theory, this study also shows that TPCL on sustainable products provide brand-like information cues that reduce the perceived risk of sustainable products. Finally, a third experimental study demonstrates that consumers must perceive TPCL as credible for them to reduce consumers’ risk perceptions.     

An immune algorithm with stochastic aging and kullback entropy for the chromatic number problem

We present a new Immune Algorithm, IMMALG, that incorporates a Stochastic Aging operator and a simple local search procedure to improve the overall performances in tackling the chromatic number problem (CNP) instances. We characterize the algorithm and set its parameters in terms of Kullback Entropy. Experiments will show that the IA we propose is very competitive with the state-of-art evolutionary algorithms.     

Competitive and Cooperative Positioning in Supply Chain Logistics Relationships*

Cooperative logistics relationships require the sharing of information, which must be enabled by the integration of disparate information systems across partners. In this article, we theorize business‐to‐business logistics relationships should be managed using cooperative and competitive postures. Based on data from 91 dyadic relationships using interorganizational information technology (IT), we find that performance gains accrue when parties share strategic information and customize IT; mutual trust enables IT customization and strategic‐information flows and equitable relationship‐specific investments positively impact IT customization, mutual trust, and performance. Among other scholarly and practical implications discussed, partners should compete on resources for IT customization and cooperate to share strategic information. Managers tend to think of relationships with firms as polar opposites and view them as entirely cooperative or entirely competitive. Our results support active balancing and understanding of both competitive and cooperative stances. Such an approach enables conditions for participation symmetry that yields greater performance gains.     

The effect of cognitive diversity on the illusion of control bias in strategic decisions: An experimental investigation

By integrating cognitive diversity into debiasing literature, this paper contributes towards opening the black box of executive judgment. Based on information processing theory we investigate the role of cognitive diversity in strategic decision making. We apply a vignette-based experimental research design to examine the effect of cognitive diversity in teams on decision maker's illusion of control. The results of these experiments provide evidence for a positive influence of high cognitive diversity for debiasing judgment while similarly indicating no such effect for groups with low cognitive diversity. These findings suggest that group composition aspects can play an important role for improving judgment in decision making teams and open promising new avenues for studying debiasing in behavioral strategy research.     

Information and communications technologies, strategic asymmetry and national security

In the history of warfare, there are a number of examples of strategic uses of asymmetric technologies. Consistent with history and theory, individuals, organizations and nations have spotted opportunities to employ information and communications technologies to gain and exploit asymmetric advantages and to counter asymmetric weaknesses. This article discusses various asymmetries associated with institutions, nations and organizations that influence the ICT-national security nexus. Regulative, normative and cognitive institutions in a country provide various mechanisms that affect the nature of positive and negative asymmetries. Nations and organizations also differ in terms of their capability to assimilate ICT tools to gain positive asymmetries and deal with vulnerabilities of negative asymmetries. Integrative approaches that combine policy and technological measures at various levels are likely to make the world more secure.     

Looking Inside Glitch Mitigation Capability: The Effect of Intraorganizational Communication Channels

Manufacturers can reduce the occurrence of glitches in their operations by building capabilities to prevent them, yet mitigation capabilities are also needed to contain the effects of the glitches that will still inevitably occur every now and then. We examine the glitch mitigation capability of a production process from an information‐processing perspective and propose that (i) the impact of operational glitches on delivery performance is contingent on the formalization of intrafirm communication channels and (ii) this effect is stronger when formal communication channels are complemented with informal channels. We test our model in a sample of 163 make‐to‐order production processes and find support for the first hypothesis and partial support for the second hypothesis. The statistical analyses also reveal nonhypothesized empirical regularities, which we explore through an additional qualitative study based on 34 site visits and 30 interviews with production planners. The results have practical implications for the design of intraorganizational communication channels, and they also contribute to the research on organizational resilience and communications by showing that when coping with disruptions, the formal communication channels have advantages that are seldom discussed in the literature or recognized by practitioners.