米尔顿·弗里德曼论教育自由选择思想述评

教育可以产业化和事业化。弗里德曼反对政府对教育市场的干预,主张消费者对教育的自由选择。针对美国教育事业的弊端,他提出了一些具有借鉴意义的办法。但仅从经济自由主义的视角单一地追求经济效率并不一定能从根本上解决教育问题。     

英语“选择比较”的结构、语义及用法

文章用较为充分的语言实例,对英语的一种特殊比较形式——＂选择比较＂的结构、语义及用法进行分析和归纳;同时,对英语中的＂选择＂、＂比较＂、＂选择比较＂为读者提供了较为清楚的概念和认识。     

Increasing Choice and Control for Older and Disabled People: A Critical Review of New Developments in England

This paper critically examines new policies currently being implemented in England aimed at increasing the choice and control that disabled and older people can exercise over the social care support and services they receive. The development of these policies, and their elaboration in three policy documents published during 2005, are summarized. The paper then discusses two issues underpinning these proposals: the role of quasi‐markets within publicly funded social care services; and the political and policy discourses of consumerism and choice within the welfare state. Despite powerful critiques of welfare consumerism, the paper argues that there are nevertheless very important reasons for taking choice seriously when considering how best to organize and deliver support and other services for disabled and older people. A policy discourse on consumerism, however, combined with the use of market mechanisms for implementing this, may be highly problematic as the means of creating opportunities for increased choice and, on its own, risks introducing new forms of disadvantage and social exclusion.     

在读女研究生怀孕问题的分析与思考——以“理性选择理论”为视角

本文在对141份样本统计分析的基础上,揭示了在读女研究生怀孕的动因及在校研究生对此类事情的不同认识与态度,并进一步从理性选择理论的视角出发表达了笔者对此问题的思考与看法。     

Smallholder Preferences for Agri‐environmental Change at the Bhoj Wetland,India

Incentive‐based approaches have gained policy interest in linking change in agricultural land management with environmental conservation. This article investigates how scheme design influences smallholder farmers' decisions to switch to organic farming to reduce water pollution, drawing on a study at a Ramsar wetland site providing water for the city of Bhopal. Results from a choice experiment suggest that transitional payments are necessary to overcome farmer constraints to adopt organic farming, and that effective land certification has the potential to act as a self‐enforcing mechanism linking farmer incomes with wetland conservation benefits.     

社会变迁抑或非理性选择:自谋职业移民的困境

非自愿移民牺牲更多的个人利益而换取了工程项目的顺利完成,但他们在搬迁安置后存在着陷入生活困顿的现象。以＂农转非＂进城的自谋职业移民为研究对象,深入展示移民的生活现状,理清诱发移民困顿的因素。     

Measuring Market‐Manufacturing Congruence: Conceptual Reaffirmations and Mathematical Modifications

Narasimhan and Wang (2000) provide a valuable addition to the research base by identifying a limitation in two of the original equations in Bozarth and Berry (1997), which we resolve, and a possible research direction for the calibration of indifference profiles. However, they fall short in their interpretation of key conceptual and methodological issues, including the distinction between indifference and ideal profiles, the difference between individual profile dimensions and overall congruence, and firm versus industry‐level manufacturing strategy research. We use this opportunity to clear up these points of confusion, and to reaffirm the value of the methodology introduced in Bozarth and Berry (1997).     

Effective Design of Products/Services: An Approach Based on Integration of Marketing and Operations Management Decisions*

This paper presents an integrated framework for designing profit‐maximizing products/ services, which can also be produced at reasonable operating difficulty levels. Operating difficulty is represented as a function of product and process attributes, and measures a firm's relative ease or difficulty in meeting customer demand patterns under specified operating conditions. Earlier optimum product design procedures have not considered. operational difficulty. We show that optimum profit, market share, cost, and product profiles are dependent on operating difficulty level. Empirical results from the pizza delivery industry demonstrate the value of the proposed Effective Product/Service Design approach.     

Supplier‐Switching Inertia and Competitive Asymmetry: A Demand‐Side Perspective*

Building on strategic management, operations strategy, and supplier management literatures, this article presents a framework for supplier selection from the demand‐side perspective. We highlight the role of a purchasing firm's switching inertia in the supplier‐selection process and demonstrate the usefulness of our framework for the industrial automation industry. Empirical data for this study was collected from 171 corporate and plant‐level executives in pharmaceutical, chemical, and paper‐and‐pulp manufacturing industries in the United States. A series of Web‐based individually customized discrete choice experiments asked the respondents to either switch to the new supplier or stay with the existing supplier. Based on the results of these experiments, we demonstrate the existence of switching inertia in the supplier‐selection process and discuss the managerial implications for incumbent and challenger supplier firms.     

三权分立政体:误区、审视、否定与继承

源于西方的三权分立政体时而被贬为资本主义,时而被推崇备至。重新正确认识三权分立问题具有时代意义。三权分立政体并非资产阶级革命后大多数国家的必然选择,相反它只是美国在特定的国情下的选择,它出现在西方国家也是极其偶然的,大多数西方国家选择的是议会制。从清王朝到国民党的统治,虽然有过多次三权分立政体的尝试或推行,但从来就没有真正实现过权力的分立和制衡。在强大的封建势力为主体的国体下,三权分立政体所要求的权力分立是无法实现的。共产党人否定了三权分立政体,自主选择了人大制度。三权分立政体不适合中国,但是三权分立政体体现出来的分权与制衡思想,是人类共同的精神财富,中国也可以借鉴。