生态规划设计理论与实践

生态环境的破坏正在日益威胁人类的生存，该文通过对地球环境的变迁以及生态规划设计历程的概述，并结合湖南灰汤温泉旅游度假区规划的实例，就如何在规划设计中应用生态设计的理念，针对度假区规划的突出问题，提出具体的规划措施和解决办法。即调整规划次序，以景观规划作为度假区规划的基本框架，打破先规划房子，再往空隙地中“填”绿的被动规划设计模式，把景观意识、生态意识提到一个新的高度；同时，兼顾投资开发商的市场利益，灵活安排度假体闲项目及设施，力求在景观、生态与投资商的经济效益之间找到一个平衡点。     

灰铸铁成份热分析的新方法

本文探讨的是一种用热分析法快速测定灰铸铁成份的新方法.采用普通样杯,不直接测TL’、TE’,而是通过测定初晶平台、初晶平台到共晶、共晶三段时间及初晶到共晶的温度差△T’、冷却速度V_t来确定铁水的化学成份.这种方法考虑了浇注温度及冷却条件的影响,避免了测温的不准确性,提高热分析方法的可靠性和实用性.建立了CEV、C%、Si%的数学模型.     

激光扫描声学显微镜图像信号的分析与处理

提出了激光扫描声学显微镜（ＳＬＡＭ）图像信号的近似模型，针对ＳＬＡＭ图像的统计特性和各个环节噪声特性，提出了密度比较算法，采用数学形态滤波，对图像进行了处理，并给出实验结果。     

原位红外光谱研究Kolbel-Engelhardt反应在Co/SiO_2催化剂上的机理

用原位红外光谱技术研究Co/SiO_2催化剂上的Kolbel-Engelhardt反应,发现两个吸收峰(585,1390cm~(-1)),与甲酸的吸附比较证实,此两峰为甲酸根在金属钴原子上的吸附所产生的吸收峰,由此我们认为:甲酸根可能是Kolbel-Engelhardt反应的中间体。     

由“中”而“华”——中华文明长盛不衰的农村和农民学解释

人类社群持久不衰的基本条件是资源点与知识点的不断集成。中华文明长盛不衰的秘密,从历史的角度来探讨,其要点在于:一个资源点(中原农耕之地)和两个知识/制度创新点(西北游牧民和中原农耕民)。当代中国的复兴不可能完全依赖于去复制前述历史条件,但是,新的资源点与知识点的不断集成这个条件,则是共通的。     

Estimating the Probability of Human Error by Incorporating Component Failure Data from User-Induced Defects in the Development of Complex Electrical Systems

This article proposes a methodology for incorporating electrical component failure data into the human error assessment and reduction technique (HEART) for estimating human error probabilities (HEPs). The existing HEART method contains factors known as error-producing conditions (EPCs) that adjust a generic HEP to a more specific situation being assessed. The selection and proportioning of these EPCs are at the discretion of an assessor, and are therefore subject to the assessor's experience and potential bias. This dependence on expert opinion is prevalent in similar HEP assessment techniques used in numerous industrial areas. The proposed method incorporates factors based on observed trends in electrical component failures to produce a revised HEP that can trigger risk mitigation actions more effectively based on the presence of component categories or other hazardous conditions that have a history of failure due to human error. The data used for the additional factors are a result of an analysis of failures of electronic components experienced during system integration and testing at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The analysis includes the determination of root failure mechanisms and trend analysis. The major causes of these defects were attributed to electrostatic damage, electrical overstress, mechanical overstress, or thermal overstress. These factors representing user-induced defects are quantified and incorporated into specific hardware factors based on the system's electrical parts list. This proposed methodology is demonstrated with an example comparing the original HEART method and the proposed modified technique.     

Nonlinear voxel-based modelling of the haemodynamic response in fMRI

A common assumption for data analysis in functional magnetic resonance imaging is that the response signal can be modelled as the convolution of a haemodynamic response (HDR) kernel with a stimulus reference function. Early approaches modelled spatially constant HDR kernels, but more recently spatially varying models have been proposed. However, convolution limits the flexibility of these models and their ability to capture spatial variation. Here, a range of (nonlinear) parametric curves are fitted by least squares minimisation directly to individual voxel HDRs (i.e., without using convolution). A ‘constrained gamma curve’ is proposed as an efficient form for fitting the HDR at each individual voxel. This curve allows for spatial variation in the delay of the HDR, but places a global constraint on the temporal spread. The approach of directly fitting individual parameters of HDR shape is demonstrated to lead to an improved fit of response estimates.     

An experimental study of thermal energy storage with phase change materials by design of experiments

Accurate theoretical modelling and simulation of thermal energy storage (TES) by means of phase change materials (PCM) is very complex and its results are not close enough to experimental values. This paper presents the empirical study of a thermal storage unit operating with a commercial PCM called RT25. The study is carried out by means of the statistical procedure, Design of Experiments. This methodology has rarely been used in the analysis of heat transfer problems. The present study has allowed us to investigate the phenomena involved and to design an actual system. We show the whole procedure followed in order to design the set-up, to run the experiments with a 2³ factorial design, to compare its results with a numerical simulation and to get the empirical model by regression. Its results have been used to design actual installations aimed at free-cooling or maintaining the temperature constant in rooms where thermal security is necessary.     

光热反射实验中微弱信号的测量

介绍了用激光光热反射方法测量表面下物体热物性的实验原理.分析了实验中噪声的主要来源,运用带通滤光片结合差分探测的方式降低激光器产生的噪声.锁相放大技术对被测信号进行窄带放大,锁相放大器结合示波器输出了被测信号的周期变化部分,实现了光热法测量中微弱信号的测量.     

Ka频段6W固态集成功放的热分析与设计

热模拟是毫米波中高功率放大器设计中的关键环节之一,可靠的散热结构可确保系统中有源器件工作在额定温度下,而基于有限元方法的数值模拟技术是毫米波功率放大器热分析的重要工具。针对由四块毫米波功率单片合成的Ka频段6W固态集成功放,采用有限元软件ANSYS建立了其三维热模型,对模型在空气自然对流情况下的温度分布状况进行了模拟和分析,模拟结果与实测值基本吻合,验证了模型的有效性。研究结果对毫米波功率放大器的热设计提供了重要的理论依据。