Benchmarking for small- to medium-sized enterprises

This paper identifies which benchmarking databases are available for small- to medium-sized enterprises and the best way to conduct a benchmarking project given the limiting factors which exist at the present time. First, the meaning of benchmarking and performance measures, and their importance to an enterprise are explained. Second, frameworks for the identification of critical performance measures are considered. Third, different types of industrial benchmarking are identified and defined. Fourth, publicly accessible databases are critically reviewed against the requirements of industrial benchmarking. Fifth, the results of the critical review are presented in tabular form. Sixth, conclusions are drawn as how best to proceed with a benchmarking project at the present time. Seventh, recommendations for how best to address the issues raised by the critical review are presented.     

“教师资格注册制度”的理论研究与实践

教师资格注册制度已呈现出全国性常态化发展趋向。分析该制度提出的社会背景和政策背景,论述其实施的有效性,阐明其在贯彻中会出现的问题,进而提出笔者对该政策的见解,对于坚持和完善“教师资格注册制度”,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

新世纪管理与组织研究面临的挑战

近一个世纪来,管理理论和组织学研究促进了一系列根本性改变的表述,使得管理者们在其职业生涯中必须大量地学习、学习、再学习。人们会认为,在大学商学院里,应该是组织学研究者们而不是其他领域的专家,引导着适应变化环境的新范式的发展。然而,本文将指出组织学范式的研究与经营实践迄今为止基本上是相互分离的。本文还将详细说明,尽管存在着这种分离,经营范式文献对组织学研究和引导它的理论范式还是产生了相当大的影响,特别是在这个“实用知识”越来越受重视的年代。     

加强学生社会实践 促进校园文化建设

本文针对当前大学生社会实践中存在的一些问题,阐述了加强大学生社会实践的必要性,探讨了大学生社会实践的途径,其宗旨在于加强大学生社会实践,促进高校校园文化建设。     

高校市场营销专业学生营销实践能力培养研究

本文首先界定了营销实践能力的含义和构成，然后着重分析了我国高校营销专业学生实践能力缺乏的原因，并针对营销人才实践能力培养中存在的问题提出相应的解决的办法。     

中国古代生态化生活方式探究

中国古人非常重视生态保护，历代统治者为了农业生产在实践上采取了一系列的生态保护措施，通过设置专门的官员加强对生态环境的管理；通过颁布禁令和法律约束人们的行为；通过舆论从生活起居上指导人们的实践。这些措施使古代的生态保护有利于当时的生产和生活。     

Social Work Field Educators' Views on Student Specific Learning Needs

Each year a significant proportion of students withdraw from placement in time to avoid penalty, while others fail. This article reports on a small field education research project that identified common learning issues for first placement students. Eighteen experienced supervising field educators (FEs), participated in semi structured focus groups, and identified repeat areas of difficulty in student learning that they had managed as supervisors. They also identified strategies that had been efficacious in supporting student learning. The research undertaken in 2010–2011 identified three specific themes relating to difficulties in student learning: specific student characteristics that required additional support; the university/FE partnership; student proficiency in using supervision. The findings suggest that a students' right to privacy must be considered in the provision of educational support, and that support is most effective when there is a strong partnership between the FE and university. In addition, further development of field education pedagogy may be needed to embed theory and skills related to the use of supervision and reflective learning.     

论法治实效

法治必须追求实效,法治建设如何取得实效是理论和实践界面临的重大课题. 目前相关研究已经实现了从法律实效向法治实效的跨越,已经从定性走向量化研究阶段. 皮尔斯的实效主义思想可以为法治实效理论及实践提供借鉴,实践、实验、检验是法治实效得以实现的三个重要方面. 中国法治建设客观上成效不佳,法治实效研究尚需深入推进. 法治评估既是检验法治实效的方法,也是提高法治实效的一条重要路径. 法治评估应贯穿法治建设全过程. 在法治评估的研究和应用中,要特别强调切合实践、运用实验方法,并保证公众参与.     

Complementary medicines and therapies in clinical guidelines on pregnancy care: A systematic review

BackgroundThere is a need for evidence-based guidance on complementary medicines and therapies (CMT) use during pregnancy due to high prevalence of use and lack of guidance on the balance of benefit and harms.AimEvaluate the extent to which current clinical practice guidelines relevant to Australian healthcare professionals make clear and unambiguous recommendations about CMT use in pregnancy, and synthesise these recommendations.MethodsThe search included EMBASE, PubMed, the National Health and Medical Research Council’s Clinical Practice Guidelines Portal, and websites of Australian maternity hospitals and professional/not-for-profit organisations for published guidelines on pregnancy care. Data were synthesised narratively. Guidelines were appraised by two independent reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument.FindingsA total of 48 guidelines were found, of which 41% provided recommendations that were not limited to routine vitamin and mineral supplementation. There were wide variations in recommendations, particularly for vitamin D and calcium. There was some consensus on recommending ginger and vitamin B6 for nausea and vomiting, and additional supplementation for women with obesity. Guidelines generally scored poorly in the domains of editorial independence and rigour of development.DiscussionThere is a lack of guidance with regard to appropriate CMT use during pregnancy, which may result in less-than-optimal care. Inconsistency between guidelines may lead to variations in care.ConclusionGuidelines should include clear and unambiguous guidance on appropriate CMT use during pregnancy, be based on a structured search of the evidence and informed by stakeholder engagement.