集群创新：优势与知识溢出所产生的双重影响

技术创新优势是产业集群竞争优势的表现形式之一。产业集群技术创新优势主要源自于集群内部创新机会诱发的创新灵感、集群内部激烈竞争产生的创新动力、集群内部资源的可获性与共享性获取的创新资源、集群内部合作形成的创新范式。知识溢出对产业集群技术创新的影响是双重的,既有积极的推动作用,也有消极的影响,知识溢出对集群内部成员企业技术创新行为的激励是有条件的。对产业集群内部的知识溢出应给予创新者适当的补偿而不应完全抑制,创新者要有保护知识产权的意识,但保护的目的不是阻止知识的溢出,而是依法维护创新者在知识溢出过程中的合法利益。     

When homophilous ties matter: Social network brokerage and individuals’ innovative behavior

Occupying a brokerage network position provides the focal actor with structural opportunities to access non-redundant information and knowledge which may result in an enhanced innovative behavior. However, such a network position entails important challenges associated with knowledge articulation and behavioral constraints, which may hinder focal actors’ innovative outcomes. Drawing on the contingency perspective of social capital theory, in this study, we examine how socio-demographic similarity between a focal actor and his/her direct contacts may affect the relationship between brokerage and innovative behavior. Specifically, we focus on professional background and gender as salient socio-demographic categories that depict the type of knowledge possessed as well as informational, and behavioral differences among people. The results of an empirical study on 134 employees (the response rate was 88%) and 31 supervisors (the response rate was 97%) of an Italian consulting company show that having many homophilous ties, in terms of professional background and gender, strengthens the positive relationship between social network brokerage and individuals’ innovative behavior. These findings furnish important insights for the research on intra-organizational social networks and innovative behavior. At the end of the paper, we discuss its theoretical and practical implications as well as the potential limitations that open avenues for future research in the field.     

SNA视角下我国数字经济生产核算问题研究

我国尚未建立起数字经济生产核算体系,缺乏数字经济增加值等官方统计数据,不利于全面反映数字经济发展状况及制定相应政策。本文基于SNA 视角探究了我国数字经济生产核算相关问题,研究发现:数字经济发展离不开数字技术及其应用,不同阶段其内涵表现不同,相应生产核算范围既是对现有SNA 的延续,又具有一定的发展和突破;从核算目的、核算主体、核算客体和核算方法等要素看数字经济生产核算,既应与传统SNA 生产核算保持协调和遵循,又分别表现出其特殊之处;我国应分阶段推进数字经济生产核算实践,新生型数字经济可借助“三新”统计工作实施,融合型数字经济需借鉴R&D 核算制定专门的核算和调查制度。本文能够为我国统计部门开展数字经济生产核算工作和认知数字经济提供一定借鉴和参考。     

制约工科大学生创新能力的因素与对策探析

知识经济的发展主要依靠知识创新，而知识创新又取决于具有创新能力的人。根据工科大学生创新能力培养的要求，本文重点分析了影响工科大学生创新能力的因素，并提出相应的对策。     

Innovative Interfaces' Electronic Resources Management System: A Survey on the State of Implementation and Usage

This paper presents the results of a survey on Innovative Interfaces' Electronic Resource Management System (III's ERM). The authors distributed the survey to III ERM users through LISTSERVS in November 2009 and received sixty-one responses. The survey contained seventeen questions that focused on three themes: satisfaction with implementation, impact on workflow, and impact on patrons. The results indicated that difficulty with implementation caused some dissatisfaction with staff workflow, although a majority of informants indicated that III's ERM improved staff workflow to some degree. The major benefits of III's ERM were listed in terms of the product's impact on patrons.     

论高校学报编辑创新能力的提高

知识经济时代需要学报编辑具有创新能力,提高编辑创新能力是提高学报质量的内在要求。编辑要转变观念、增强创新意识,掌握丰富的知识及优化知识结构,提高业务技能,在编辑实践工作中提高创新能力;同时,有关主管部门要创造宽松的创新环境,重视编辑的继续教育,提高编辑的整体素质,鼓励编辑人员提高创新能力。     

关于农业高校加强创新教育的思考

创新教育是知识经济时代高等教育的核心 ,加入WTO后我国农业的发展将比以往任何时候更加依赖科技创新和创新教育。农业高校要更新教育观念 ,改革教学方法和考核方法 ,把教师的主导作用和学生的主体地位有机结合起来 ,加强对学生创新精神和创新能力的培养。     

Collaboration-based HR systems and innovative work behaviors: The role of information exchange and HR system strength

Integrating strategic human resource (HR) management research with the componential theory of creativity, we investigate the influence of a strategically anchored set of HR practices on employees’ idea generation, promotion, and realization (i.e., innovative work behaviors (IWBs). Specifically, we argue that perceived collaboration-based HR systems rated by employees facilitate IWBs through promoting information exchange. We take a multilevel approach and further propose that the strength of a collaboration-based HR system at the unit-level (i.e., shared employee perceptions) moderates the relationship between employee perceptions of such systems and information exchange. We propose that this relation will be stronger in units with greater levels of collaboration-based HR system strength. We test our model by collecting data at two different time points from 204 employees in 50 departments working at seven manufacturing organizations in Turkey. Results from multilevel and structural equation modeling support all hypotheses and point to the theoretical importance of taking into account idiosyncratic and collective perceptions of HR systems simultaneously. Practical implications that follow from our results suggest intentionally designing, implementing, and regularly communicating collaboration-based HR practices to facilitate IWBs.     

中西方创新人才培养与精英教育研究

精英教育需要渊博的专业学识、厚积薄发的文化功底、深邃的人文精神、犀利的眼光、过人的胆识和创新精神。而科学研究则需要缜密的专业分析,严谨的逻辑推理,严密而全面的科学论证。无论是教学,还是科学研究都需要激情和创新。社会需要人才,事业呼吁创新。创新乃是对他人或自我前所未有的超越与突破,是富有激情、富有新意的创造,是对过去的否定,对传统的挑战,对墨守成规的冲锋。未来的世界充满了竞争,而多元竞争最终体现在创新人才的竞争、尖端科学的竞争和精英教育的竞争。     

“转型发展”背景下机械类应用型人才培养模式研究

以“质量工程”建设为契机,围绕师资队伍建设、教学环境建设、科学研究方向、模块化课程设置、考试方式改革、工程实践训练、毕业论文等方面探索机械类应用型人才培养模式。在人才培养过程中,要强化设计制造技术的培养特色,突出学生综合运用知识能力和创新能力培养,以双师型师资队伍建设为保障,促进应用、创新、复合型高素质应用型人才的培养。