Welfare states and inequality: Institutional designs and distributive outcome

Comparative studies on inequality have suffered from severe methodological problems, which mean that issues related to the causes of cross-national variation in inequality remain unresolved. In comparative welfare state research, the preoccupation with expenditure data has also meant that the welfare state itself has remained a black box. By examining new comparative data on social policy institutions and income inequality among different population groups, this study provides a more precise empirical basis for evaluating different, and divergent, theories on the welfare state and equality. Three cases will be used as illustrations: family policy and child poverty, unemployment benefits and poverty among working aged, and old-age pensions and poverty among the elderly. The results suggest that the key for understanding the effect of the welfare state lies in the institutional design—in the level and distribution of social rights. The importance of the welfare state for social stratification deserves to be given more attention by sociological research in the future.     

Reflexivity: The role of embedded social position and entrepreneurial social skill in processes of field level change

We examine the micro-foundations of field-level organizational change by analyzing the role of social skill and social position in individuals. Our core argument is that differences in an individual's social skill and in their social position produce different degrees of reflexivity or awareness of existing social arrangements. We demonstrate how the interaction of social skill and social position produce distinct types or categories of reflexivity, each of which contributes to institutional stability or change.     

新疆区级行政事业单位资金及资产内部控制的实证分析

文章以问卷调查的形式,运用实证分析的方法对我区区级行政事业单位资金及资产内部控制的业务招待费、会议费、差旅费、固定资产等五个业务循环中,各项控制活动与具体控制目标的相关程度进行了考察。并依据研究结果,对存在的问题及产生问题的原因进行了分析和探讨,并就如何改善和加强我区区级行政事业单位资金及资产内部控制提出了具体的对策性建议。     

20世纪90年代以来国内高校德育研究现状述评

20世纪90年代以来，国内高校德育研究非常活跃，为了全面了解高校德育研究现状，依据所检索和查阅到的资料，对此期间我国高校德育的研究现状和成果进行了分析和述评。     

从制度论、危机论到发展论——论西方政党创生理论的变化

政党在创生、起源时的差异在很大程度上影响了该国政党组织的演变和政党制度的建立,制度论、危机论、发展论等几种重要的西方政党起源理论都是从不同的角度对政党产生的动力和制度基础做出了合理的分析,同样具有理论上的自洽性和概念上的明晰性,可以作为我们分析的理论工具,本文对这几种理论进行一个较为详细的述评.     

新形势下高校师资队伍建设探索与研究

在市场经济体制和高等教育大众化的新形势下,高校师资队伍建设遇到了前所未有的挑战,高等学校必须将师资队伍建设提到关系事业兴衰的战略高度,认真研究新形势下出现的新问题,客观分析影响师资队伍建设的各种因素,科学制定切实可行的应对措施,开创师资队伍建设新局面。     

养老机构发展：问题与反思

中国养老机构存在诸多问题,如养老资源分配不公导致的养老机构奢华与简陋并存、一床难求与床位大量闲置、假借发展老龄事业名义的房地产开发、专业人才储备不足等,其根源在于未能厘清政府、社会、市场三者间关系与责任边界,公办和民办养老机构角色定位不准。系统反思养老机构的发展并在此基础上提出价值理念重塑、政府职责定位、人才吸引等建议。     

The Social Construction of the Profession of Probation Counsellor: An Analysis of the Instrumental and Institutional Framework

The purpose of this article is to develop an interpretative model regarding the institutional and instrumental frameworks of the social construction of the profession of probation counsellor in N.E. Romania and the Republic of Moldova. The research was conducted after a major penal reform in both countries, which significantly changed the function of the probation system, which is very new. The research was conducted through individual and group interviews with the probation counsellors and other people involved in applying non-custodial punishments. The data analysis starts from the Grounded Theory method. The most important results have targeted the modifications of the regulatory frameworks of probation, a fact which leads to a series of problems related especially to the inadequacies between the different normative frameworks applied, the case overloads and the partial inadequacy of the models of practice based on the experience of other states (especially the U.K. and Norway) to the Romanian and Moldavian reality. The research highlights a mixed model of probation with elements of restorative justice, which interferes with the retributive model, and with the model of justice centred on human rights.     

Discourses of Mobility: Institutions,Everyday Lives and Embodiment

This article seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature on the politics of mobility, revealing the ways in which the governing of mobility intersects with everyday mobile lives. We suggest that dominant and enduring institutional discourses of mobility, which are pervaded by a privileging of individualised automobility, can be conceptualised around a framework of morality, modernity and freedom. By examining everyday discourses of mobility in this context we highlight the ways in which these discourses reflect and resist normative sets of knowledge and practices. It is argued that by emphasising the everyday and mundane in an analysis of discourses of mobility, and acknowledging their situatedness in prevailing normative discourses, we are then able to focus on how movement is a social and cultural practice in constant negotiation and (re)production.