Les apprentissages du changement dans l'entreprise polonaise. Entre continuité et rupture

Two major currents of theory have striven to explain the driving force behind the post-Communist transformation in central Europe since 1989. Based on the absolute rationality of actors, the so-called standard approach implies radical public policies that mark a break with the legacy from the preceding period. However it has turned out to be unable to account for the permanence of certain elements from the past. The “path-dependence” approach tries to understand institutional continuities as a reworking of accumulated experiences. However it has not managed to explain phenomena signaling a radical break in behavior patterns. This analysis of a technological change in a Polish firm combines the two dimensions of rupture and continuity by distinguishing between the introduction of change and forms of adaptation and learning by various categories of actors.     

« Le Premier Cercle » : le Kruzhok de Heidelberg et la nationalisation de la chimie russe

In the 1860s and 1870s, Russian chemistry was rocked by a series of charged nationalist polemics, alleging that German chemists had been engaged in jingoism, bias, and poaching the discoveries of Russian chemists. These salvos from leading members of the Russian Chemical Society (established 1868) formed the core of the Russian contribution to some of the earliest and clearest claims that natural knowledge revealed a national character. This paper traces the origins of these disputes to a specific location: Heidelberg in the late 1850s and early 1860s. After the humiliating defeat of Russian forces by a Western European coalition in the Crimean War (1854-1856), the Russian government resolved to “modernize” its major institutions to enable it to compete more effectively against its former opponents. Alexander II and his ministers decided to export Russian postdocs to leading Western universities (mostly in the German states) hoping that these graduates would be able to erect modern scientific institutions within Russia upon their return. This paper focuses on the chemists among them, most of whom ended up at Heidelberg University (including their most famous representative, D. I. Mendeleev, later renowned for his 1869 formulation of the periodic system of chemical elements). While there, they experienced profound alienation from their German peers, and retreated to their own environments — particularly the Russian urban institution of the kruzhok or “circle.” This kruzhok, formed as a reaction to perceived German xenophobia, was the major social institution upon which the Russians — once back in St. Petersburg — could construct a Russian Chemical Society and the basic institutions of Western scholarship. The supposed venture into Western Europe resulted not in a hegemonic submission to the institutions of German academia, but rather to a revitalization of a Russian cultural form that proved both adaptable to the demands of technical professionalization and became a kernel for a Germanophobic nationalism that would permeate the sciences in the ensuing decades. The paper concludes with an analysis of three different styles of scientific nationalism in chemistry: the representative, concerning the preferential employment of Russians over Germans in state institutions; the linguistic, about the proper national language(s) for science; and the internationalist, whereby Russians defended the cosmopolitan in science to attack perceived German jingoism.     

INSTITUTIONALIZING CULTURAL STUDIES IN AUSTRIA: A VIEW FROM AFAR

The article explores institutional settings for teaching and practicing cultural studies from the point of view of the author's personal experiences at universities in Austria, Canada and Hong Kong.     

COVID-19 vaccine rollout—scale and speed carry different implications for corruption

The sanctioning of different coronavirus vaccines (with some approved by regulators for public delivery, and others in the pipeline) has met with relief by many sections of the public and the government. However, partly due to the damages associated with the pandemic and the ensuing euphoria over vaccines’ arrival, some of the challenges are mostly being ignored or are not recognized. This paper identifies some pitfalls and drawbacks in vaccine delivery. We argue that the somewhat unique tension between the speed of vaccine delivery and its scale can create opportunities for corrupt behavior that are often at odds with effective means to check abuse. While data on instances of abuse will emerge over time, it is useful to point out different avenues of abuse so that some preventive government actions can be undertaken. Specifically, we argue that the potential for out of turn delivery of vaccines and the stockpiling by unauthorized agents creates incentives for corruption, with the public or bureaucrats initiating corrupt transactions. An understanding of the potential avenues for corruption should guide the formulation of appropriate corruption-control policies and similar challenges that will be faced by policy makers in addressing future pandemics.     

SNA的修订与中国非营利机构核算的改进

本文首先探讨了SNA的非营利机构核算原理与改进思路,然后分析了中国非营利机构的核算实践与存在问题,最后提出了中国非营利机构核算的改进设想和工作重点。     

Does country-risk influence electricity production worldwide?

This paper investigates the relationship between country-risks (or conflicts) within countries and electricity production. The determinants of electricity production have been neglected in the literature that favours the relationship between energy consumption, growth and development, and despite of the major challenges on electricity supply systems. We empirically establish that weighted conflict index, as well as sub-items as anti-government demonstrations, government crises and riots negatively influence electricity production per capita, after controlling for income per capita. Country conflicts affect electricity production mostly in the long-run. Our results imply that conflicts may affect electricity production substantially and consequently the economy as a whole. Policy should emphasize the institutional framework to avoid conflicts within countries in order to secure electricity production.     

福利机构老年人的人际关系压力问题及应对策略探析

本文采用质性研究方法,通过对北京市某社会福利机构5位老人的深度访谈搜集资料,旨在对机构老年人所面临的人际关系压力问题进行探析。研究发现,机构老年人的人际关系压力主要集中在时间安排、生活习惯、阶层差异和团体活动等方面;其原因则具有年龄、地域、性格、沟通能力、生活经历、价值观等方面的多样性;而老年人在应对这些压力的过程中表现出了过程性和策略性的特征。过程性应对主要包括自己解决、护士调解和领导介入;策略性应对则主要包括协商、理解、回避和求助四个方面。以上述发现为基础,研究者对机构老年人及机构对于压力的应对提出了自己的建议。     

高等院校财务管理中存在的问题、原因及对策

在高等教育快速发展的今天,规范的财务管理,对高等院校的发展十分必要。本文通过对我省三十所高等院校的审计结果进行分析,总结了高等院校财务管理中存在的问题,分析了产生问题的原因,提出了解决问题的对策。     

高校旅游学科专业课程推行双语教学的SWOT分析

SWOT分析法是一种广泛运用于营销学的分析方法,本文将借助这种分析方法,从内外部不同角度就高校旅游学科专业课程推行双语教学的现状和前景进行分析,并对构建旅游学科专业课程双语教学模式提出几点建议。     

高校处分权的行使及其完善

高校处分权是一种行政权力,它的不当行使将导致静态的校规侵权和动态的管理中的具体侵权,包括侵犯学生的实体权和程序权。为减少教育纠纷,需要确立法律保留原则、合法性原则、正当程序原则、比例原则以及高校抽象行为和具体行为的司法审查。