英语精读课中影响学生听课效率的因素及对策

精读课是高校英语教学中最重要的课程。但是 ,在教学中 ,由于受各方面因素的影响 ,学生的听课效率并不理想。笔者通过问卷调查的方式 ,分析了影响学生听课效率的原因 ,并在此基础上提出相应的对策 ,认为要提高学生的听课效率 ,必须提高学生对精读课学习的认识、选好教材、改变教学方法 ,才能实现教学目的。     

Two-Sample Tests Based on the Integrated Empirical Process

Abstract

Let X ₁, …, X _m and Y ₁, …, Y _n be independent random variables, where X ₁, …, X _m are i.i.d. with continuous distribution function (df) F, and Y ₁, …, Y _n are i.i.d. with continuous df G. For testing the hypothesis H ₀: F = G, we introduce and study analogues of the celebrated Kolmogorov–Smirnov and one- and two-sided Cramér-von Mises statistics that are functionals of a suitably integrated two-sample empirical process. Furthermore, we characterize those distributions for which the new tests are locally Bahadur optimal within the setting of shift alternatives.     

An Efficient Estimation for Switching Regression Models: A Monte Carlo Study

This article investigates an efficient estimation method for a class of switching regressions based on the characteristic function (CF). We show that with the exponential weighting function, the CF-based estimator can be achieved from minimizing a closed form distance measure. Due to the availability of the analytical structure of the asymptotic covariance, an iterative estimation procedure is developed involving the minimization of a precision measure of the asymptotic covariance matrix. Numerical examples are illustrated via a set of Monte Carlo experiments examining the implementation, finite sample property and the efficiency of the proposed estimator.     

计划生育“三结合”作用机理研究

市场经济的迅速发展和经济高速增长环境为诱导人们少生优育奠定了社会经济基础;“三结合”的本质是计划生育工作主动利用这种良好机遇,使孩子成本效益原理在实践中发挥作用,从而削弱人们对男孩偏好和多子女生育需求．达到促进农民少生优育和计划生育的目的;“三结合”利益导向做法具有间接奖励性质．它通过调动农村计划生育户的生产积极性．使他们在“三结合”活动中获得较大经济收益,结果既避免政府财政难以负担的大范围对计划生育户进行有力度的直接物质奖励,又配合推动农村经济发展和农民致富奔小康的中心工作,促进农村精神文明建设,稳定农民计划生育行为．     

基于极值Copula的投资组合集成风险度量方法

 应用极值的阈值与峰值模型来度量单个资产的风险价值,用两种不同的方法度量了基于Copula函数的沪深指数收益率的相关结构,比较了不同Copula函数下基于沪深指数的二元投资组合集成风险值,结果说明：Gauss Copula函数对沪深指数收益率的相关结构拟合较好,阈值模型的极值Copula能较好的度量投资组合的集成风险值,在高置信度下（0.99以上）,基于Gumble Copula函数的上尾（正收益）集成风险值、基于Clayton Copula函数的下尾（负收益）集成风险值与真实值最为接近。直接加权的方法会高估投资组合的风险,假设沪深指数的收益率服从二元正态分布会低估风险。峰值法的集成风险值误差较大。     

Quasi-complete separation in random effects of binary response mixed models

ABSTRACT

Clustered observations such as longitudinal data are often analysed with generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Approximate Bayesian inference for GLMMs with normally distributed random effects can be done using integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA), which is in general known to yield accurate results. However, INLA is known to be less accurate for GLMMs with binary response. For longitudinal binary response data it is common that patients do not change their health state during the study period. In this case the grouping covariate perfectly predicts a subset of the response, which implies a monotone likelihood with diverging maximum likelihood (ML) estimates for cluster-specific parameters. This is known as quasi-complete separation. In this paper we demonstrate, based on longitudinal data from a randomized clinical trial and two simulations, that the accuracy of INLA decreases with increasing degree of cluster-specific quasi-complete separation. Comparing parameter estimates by INLA, Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and ML shows that INLA increasingly deviates from the other methods in such a scenario.     

局限与突破———反思斯内尔-霍恩比的翻译研究综合方法

通过对玛丽·斯内尔-霍恩比的翻译研究综合方法的理论反思,指出其综合法存在三大局限:一是过于偏向语言学取向的研究途径;二是未能真正超越德国功能主义学派的理论;三是实际操作层面上存在自相矛盾的情况.这些局限使得综合法在当下翻译研究发展进程中逐渐失去了原有的价值.为突破这些局限,提出应当在保留格式塔和原型概念的基础上建立一种更具综合性的新方法体系,以期进一步推动翻译研究的发展.     

Putting the ‘public’ into public service delivery for social welfare in South Africa

Mubangizi BC, Gray M. Putting the ‘public’ into public service delivery for social welfare in South Africa Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 212–219 © 2010 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of SocialWelfare. The privatisation of some essential services in South Africa has raised severe difficulties for those for whom the idea of fees for services is quite foreign and who, in any case, cannot afford to pay for services. The government has developed several initiatives to educate people about the need to pay for services provided by local government, the largest of which was the Masakhane fees‐for‐services campaign. This article describes two recent initiatives that seek to engage local citizen participation, namely, Integrated Development Plans and izimbizo (or traditional forums). These are examined along with the challenges faced by local government in promoting citizenship participation in service delivery within a decentralised system of governance. The article concludes with some recommendations on how citizen participation can be enhanced so as to make the ‘public’ visible in public service delivery and thus improve social welfare services.     

英语专业综合英语课程学生自主授课模式研究

自主授课模式能够很好地调动学生的学习积极性和主动性,培养学生自主学习的能力,以及更好的促进学生和老师之间的交流。