基于优势的学习困境学生社会工作干预策略初探——以北京市DC区HZ中学某个案为例

优势视角是于20世纪八、九十年代在西方社会工作领域兴起的一种实践工作取向。它注重案主的优势与潜能,挖掘案主所处环境中的资源,提倡合作、陪伴的互动关系,坚持发展与成长的服务方向。目前,这一工作手法已被运用于多种人群中,学习困境学生是教育、心理、社会工作等领域始终关注的重要群体。在本文里,笔者阐述了该理论的基本假设和主要概念,介绍了研究的方法、对象和相关设计,提出通过3I——I have、I am、I can的策略来实施干预,最后对整个介入过程进行了反思和总结。     

Process evaluation of an environmental walking and healthy eating pilot in small rural worksites

Small Steps are Easier Together (SS) was a pilot environmental intervention in small rural worksites in Upstate New York in collaboration with Extension educators. Worksite leaders teamed with co-workers to select and implement environmental changes to increase walking steps over individual baseline and to choose healthy eating options over 10 weeks. Participants were 226 primarily white, women employees in 5 sites. A mixed methods process evaluation, conducted to identify determinants of intervention effectiveness and to explain differences in outcomes across worksites, included surveys, self-reports of walking and eating, interviews, focus groups, and an intervention log. The evaluation assessed reach, characteristics of recruited participants, dose delivered, dose received, and context and compared sites on walking and eating outcomes. Emergent elements of participant-reported dose received included: active leadership, visible environmental changes, critical mass of participants, public display of accomplishments, accountability to co-workers, and group decision making. Participants at sites with high reach and dose were significantly more likely than sites with low reach and dose to achieve intervention goals. Although this small pilot needs replication, these findings describe how these evaluation methods can be applied and analyzed in an environmental intervention and provide information on trends in the data.     

学校社会工作介入中学心理咨询与辅导的必要性及介入措施的实务研究——以H市16所中学为例

青少年是一个具有较高智力,较高文化和较强自尊的特殊群体,正处于人格和性格的塑造期,他们大多数对人生、自我和复杂的社会缺乏深刻的认识,再加上其他客观原因的影响,青少年群体或多或少地受到心理问题的困扰,而当前中学心理咨询与辅导在硬件和软件方面存在着诸多不足。学校社会工作尊重每一个学生,注重人的潜能的开发与发展,具有自身一套独特的理论和工作方法,与当前的中学心理咨询与辅导相比,具有无可比拟的优势,所以强调和提出学校社会工作介入青少年心理健康辅导的优势及介入的措施显得尤为必要。     

Management consultancy’s role in delivering lasting [triple bottom line] benefits

Abstract

Management consultants have become ubiquitous in helping improve organizational performance. This paper presents an investigation of the impact of their interventions on organizational sustainability and growth through the performance improvement work carried out for and with their clients. The paper presents the findings of a questionnaire survey of 440 respondents from 206 countries; 197 of respondents were Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and 243 from large organizations. There is a particular focus on knowledge transfer in terms of urgency and impact of the work with regard to the extent to which consulting interventions in SMEs, as well as large multinational corporations, embed long-term sustainability practices.     

Understanding multi-methodology: Evaluating the perceived impact of mixing methods for group budgetary decisions

This paper reports on the design and implementation of a multi-methodology intervention intended to support a budget prioritisation decision by a multi-organisational group tasked with tackling the problem of teenage pregnancy in an English borough. The intervention approach involved the combined use of cognitive/causal mapping and a multi-criteria decision analysis method to develop and prioritise a number of projects aimed at alleviating issues associated with teenage pregnancy. The paper describes and discusses the process of developing and applying the intervention approach, and provides an evaluation of its perceived impact by the client group. Drawing on the rich seam of data gathered over the course of our work with the multi-organisational group, we explore the varying degrees of impact that the mapping and multi-criteria evaluation methods achieved during and after the intervention. Analysis of the intervention data suggests that both methods were perceived to facilitate a different way of thinking and learning. In addition, we find that the mapping and multi-criteria evaluation methods successfully addressed participants' democratic and rational concerns. However, despite these reported positive effects, the full recommendations of the intervention were not implemented. An attempt is made to explain this outcome in terms of both the multi-organisational context within which the intervention took place and the nature of the group task. Directions for further research are then proposed.     

古典市场均衡理论的意义与当代经济学的发展

西方古典市场均衡理论由产生逐步走向成熟化 ,经过了漫长又艰辛的演变历程。它形成和发展的一般逻辑 ,特别是其精华──市场均衡不是人为的、外部的 ,而是一种“自然趋势” ;组织和维持市场均衡的力量来自市场本身及其自动机制 ;市场均衡力量源于个人自利最大化 ,或“看不见的手” ;市场均衡的条件即经济自由 ;市场均衡并非不要“政府之手”(政府干预 )等等 ,对于研究当今新时代条件下与市场均衡相关的一些重大理论问题 ,如社会经济运行效率与资源优化配置、经济均衡的关系问题 ,社会经济资源要素利用与分配的公平性、可持续性发展问题 ,市场机制与政府行为的协调问题 ,古典市场均衡模式与“新经济”趋势问题 ,是很有现实意义的     

农村留守老人困境的社会工作干预实验——基于安徽省X县G乡S自然村的实证研究

利用社会工作中的小组工作和地区发展模式,对X县G乡S自然村留守老人的困境进行干预,实验证明,干预工作提升了留守老人解决问题和应对压力的能力;构建和完善了帮助留守老人解决问题和应对压力的社会支持系统。实验结果还证明,社会工作干预方法费时短、成本低、效益高,对解决农村留守老人问题有较强可行性。     

Using a stress audit: The construction site manager experience in the UK

Abstract

The aim of this study was to conduct a stress audit among construction industry site managers in the UK as a precursor to a stress management intervention programme. Qualitative data were obtained from in-dept interviews with a total of 36 male middle and senior construction site managers; and aquantitative data were obtained by questionnaire. Based on the analysis of 561 postal quenstionnaires, eight stressor factors were identified, most significantly, ambiguity (i.e. role and task). Job satisfaction levels were low compared to a normative population and influenced by grade level. Measures of mental health were similar to the norm for males, but both grade of management and type of contract affected mental health. Anxiety levels were signficantly high, independent of managerial grade. The stress of work overload and role insecurity (fear of failure) were associated with reduced mental health and high anxiety, and the stress of the organizational culture and climate was the strongest predictor of job dissatisfaction. There was some cause for concern for the vulnerable high-risk groups, i.e. the extreme type A and those working overtime. Medical data from a small subset of managers (n = 78) revealed that this group evidenced a better quality of psychological health than the group in total; but a high percentage of personnel had high levels of triglycerides and cholesterol. Recommendations for action focused on the needs of specific subgroups, and guided the organization on the acceptability of possible interventions at individual, interpersonal and organizational levels.     

社会工作者在社会救助管理中的角色

社会救助站是社会救助体系实施对外救助服务的一个重要表现形式，然而，当前救助管理站由于自身和社会的因素，普遍存在着专业性不高、服务层次低、救助功能未充分发挥等方面的问题。本文从社会工作“助人自助”价值理念基础上的专业方法角度出发，提出了解决这一问题的相关办法。