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11.
Truncation is a known feature of bone marrow transplant (BMT) registry data, for which the survival time of a leukemia patient is left truncated by the waiting time to transplant. It was recently noted that a longer waiting time was linked to poorer survival. A straightforward solution is a Cox model on the survival time with the waiting time as both truncation variable and covariate. The Cox model should also include other recognized risk factors as covariates. In this article, we focus on estimating the distribution function of waiting time and the probability of selection under the aforementioned Cox model.  相似文献   
12.
The ability to work at older ages depends on health and education. Both accumulate starting very early in life. We assess how childhood disadvantages combine with education to affect working and health trajectories. Applying multistate period life tables to data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) for the period 2008–2014, we estimate how the residual life expectancy at age 50 is distributed in number of years of work and disability, by number of childhood disadvantages, gender, and race/ethnicity. Our findings indicate that number of childhood disadvantages is negatively associated with work and positively with disability, irrespective of gender and race/ethnicity. Childhood disadvantages intersect with low education resulting in shorter lives, and redistributing life years from work to disability. Among the highly educated, health and work differences between groups of childhood disadvantage are small. Combining multistate models and inverse probability weighting, we show that the return of high education is greater among the most disadvantaged.  相似文献   
13.
For many continuous distributions, a closed-form expression for their quantiles does not exist. Numerical approximations for their quantiles are developed on a distribution-by-distribution basis. This work develops a general approximation for quantiles using the Taylor expansion. Our method only requires that the distribution has a continuous probability density function and its derivatives can be derived to a certain order (usually 3 or 4). We demonstrate our unified approach by approximating the quantiles of the normal, exponential, and chi-square distributions. The approximation works well for these distributions.  相似文献   
14.
In this article, a non-iterative posterior sampling algorithm for linear quantile regression model based on the asymmetric Laplace distribution is proposed. The algorithm combines the inverse Bayes formulae, sampling/importance resampling, and the expectation maximization algorithm to obtain independently and identically distributed samples approximately from the observed posterior distribution, which eliminates the convergence problems in the iterative Gibbs sampling and overcomes the difficulty in evaluating the standard deviance in the EM algorithm. The numeric results in simulations and application to the classical Engel data show that the non-iterative sampling algorithm is more effective than the Gibbs sampling and EM algorithm.  相似文献   
15.
Frailty models are used in the survival analysis to account for the unobserved heterogeneity in the individual risks to disease and death. To analyze the bivariate data on related survival times (e.g., matched pairs experiments, twin or family data), the shared frailty models were suggested. In this article, we introduce the shared gamma frailty models with the reversed hazard rate. We develop the Bayesian estimation procedure using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to estimate the parameters involved in the model. We present a simulation study to compare the true values of the parameters with the estimated values. We apply the model to a real life bivariate survival dataset.  相似文献   
16.

This paper provides an excursion into various scheduling problems arising in the manufacturing environment and possible approaches that can be taken to solve them. It reviews the research in production scheduling from the perspective of designing and operating a production system and examines the research strategies adopted to find the solution of the practical problems. This review is in the form of the paradigms that evolved during the twentieth century and shows the transition in theory and practice of each paradigm. It covers the fundamental frameworks of scheduling theory, outlining various approaches that can be taken to solve (optimally or approximately) such problems, and the difficulties arising in their practical use. Subsequently, an iterative scheduling process is suggested as an extension of existing paradigms to solve practical production scheduling problems and to bridge the gap between theory and practice in production scheduling and control.  相似文献   
17.
西方传媒语境中伊斯兰妇女问题文化辨析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
西方传媒不但对《古兰经》所渗透着的女性关怀精神的本源性思想进行了“恶毒中伤”,还传布伊斯兰教反妇女论来“蓄意丑化”其自成体系的妇女观。本文力求全面梳理伊斯兰文化妇女观的主导精神与西方传媒所给定的“反妇女论”间互错的原因、表现、实质等一系列的问题,从“本源与变异”的全新视角来重新审视伊斯兰妇女问题,力求达到正本清源的学术目的。  相似文献   
18.
重视研究西部大开发中的伊斯兰教现实问题   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
实施西部大开发战略 ,必须正确处理大开发与伊斯兰教的关系 ,从而动员和团结广大穆斯林群众积极投身于西部大开发的伟大进程 ,组织和推动伊斯兰教界在实施西部大开发中作出应有的贡献 ,积极引导伊斯兰教与社会主义社会相适应。本文作者根据工作实践 ,提出一些与西部大开发有关的伊斯兰教现实问题 ,并认为应切实加以研究探讨 ,如维护祖国统一 ,反对民族分裂主义和宗教极端主义 ;关注中国穆斯林与西部地区城市化的关系 ;加紧培养造就新世纪伊斯兰教事业接班人 ,其中包括伊斯兰教高层人士或领袖人物 ,也包括一批高素质、爱国爱教的年轻阿洪或毛拉 ;在广大穆斯林中进一步加强民族宗教政策和法制教育 ;研究和掌握利用网络技术传递伊斯兰教信息等问题  相似文献   
19.
民族法制建设现代化问题探析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
民族法制建设现代化是我国法制现代化的重要组成部分。随着我国法制现代化进程的加快,如何推动和促进民族法制建设现代化的发展已成为我国法制建设的一个重要课题。本文在分析民族法制建设现代化的要素结构和主要障碍的基础上,提出了实现民族法制建设现代化的途径与措施。  相似文献   
20.
临夏人多地少,人口问题越来越突出,人口与资源、环境之间的矛盾愈来愈严重。本文对临夏人口发展的历史和现状进行分析研究,试图寻找解决人口问题的对策。  相似文献   
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