试析21世纪初日本加强与印度防卫合作的战略意图及影响

近年来日本十分重视与印度问的防卫交流与合作,不断构建包括全面安全、防卫政策和军事三个层面的对话机制,加强和提升两国诸军兵种间的联演联训等军事领域的合作与交流,各级军事和安全保障部门交流密切,战略合作水平和层次不断提升。通过这些举措,日本意欲达到从全局上联合印度牵制和防范中国,确保日本海上航线安全,为海上自卫队走向远洋创造条件,插手南海问题等战略目标。     

10世纪日本庄园的转变

日本庄园自8世纪起,经过约二百年的发展,到了10世纪发生了广泛而深刻的变革:庄园化程度进一步加深;越来越多的庄园实现了不输不入化,庄园领主获得了对庄园土地及土地上的人的一元化支配权;也是在此时期,庄园的经营方式由原来的雇佣经营为主,经由"散田请作体制"发展成为"名田"经营.所有这些变革都显示了与初期庄园明显不同的特征,表明了体制完备的领主制庄园已经形成,并且成为10世纪以后日本庄园的主要形态.     

日本共产党新党章透视

世纪之交,日共召开了22大,对有42年历史的党章进行了全面的修改,这在日共历 史上具有重要的意义,明确了日共在新世纪的方针政策和奋斗目标。现从修改党章的时代背 景、主要内容以及几点认识三个方面加以阐述。     

日本中介组织对中小企业的指导作用及其启示

日本中小企业的健康发展同中介组织的有效指导密切相关,建立在立法和政府上下一条线的管理基础上,中介组织对中小企业发挥了积极的指导作用。这些经验对发展中国的中小企业很有借鉴意义。中国应加强立法、行政管理和中介组织建设以促进中小企业的健康发展。     

The contingent nature of best practices in national competitiveness: The case of American and Japanese innovation processes

We propose that the differences in competitiveness of companies from different countries is not just a question of the adoption of ‘better’ management models, as conventional wisdom would have us believe; rather, we contend that national competitiveness can change radically over time without significant changes in management practices. Contrary to much of the management literature we hold that changes in the global business environment often determine to a large degree the competitiveness of companies. Based on our assumptions we offer four specific lessons of how companies can increase their competitiveness within the constraints of the socio-cultural context in which they operate.     

考虑时效与公平性的震后应急物资动态配送优化研究

大规模地震后应急物资的高效保障是应急救援有效开展的必要前提。震后应急物资运输与配送包括从区域储备仓库和外围物资集散地运输到区域应急配送中心、由区域应急配送中心配送到各个受灾点两个阶段。应急物资保障具有持续时间长、需求紧迫性强和物资相对短缺等特点。本文以应急物资保障时效性与分配公平性为目标,建立了考虑多种运输方式、多时段动态的应急物资配送中心选址与运输配送路径优化的多目标规划模型,并基于此模型设计了一种带精英策略的非支配排序的遗传算法,以九寨沟地区地震灾难情景对模型进行实证研究,验证了模型和算法的有效性,以期为震后应急物资保障提供理论指导与决策支持。     

震后伤员救援车辆两阶段规划模型及算法研究

不确定情景下的应急物资配送和车辆路径优化问题是目前国内研究的一大热点,其中 震后伤员运送车辆调度及路径优化问题随着近几年地震等自然灾害的频繁发生也逐渐引起人 们的重视． 本文采用聚合优化算法对灾区进行应急救援区域划分,建立了以总救援时间最短和 相对综合救援权重值最大为目标的救援车辆两阶段数学规划模型,设计了带三角函数变异的 离散型萤火虫优化算法进行求解,并与常规算法求解结果做了对比分析． 通过算例进行模拟实 验表明,所提出的模型和算法可以有效解决地震情景下的伤员救援车辆调度问题,且改进算法 的全局搜索性能更优．     

Earthquake Risk Perception in Bucharest, Romania

The Municipality of Bucharest is one of the capitals with the highest seismic risk in the world. Bucharest is particularly vulnerable to seismic hazard due to: the high density of inhabitants, especially within the residential districts with blocks of flats; the old public utility fund; the out-of-date infrastructure; the numerous industrial parks that are undergoing a restructuring process, not to mention the inefficient organization of civil protection and poor education of the population regarding seismic risk. This research was designed to examine the attitudes and perceptions of people living with the risk of an earthquake hazard in Bucharest. We were interested in how attitudes and perceptions differ depending on gender, age, education, residential area and socioeconomic status, characteristics of seismic hazard, degree of risk exposure, degree of danger, and casualty awareness. At the same time, we compare the results of this study with those from a previous and similar enquiry in 1997. The statistical processing has indicated a significant difference between the declared perception of seismic risk and the independent variables of gender, age, level of education, level of attachment to the residential area, and degree to which the subjects consider they may be affected and could retrieve their losses. Due to the continuous decrease of their living standard, the most vulnerable is the aged population. The feelings toward the residential area is another factor of statistical significance for the population's seismic danger perception. A strong affective bond offers a feeling of safety and leads to the neglect and even total denial of the hazard. In the case of independent variables regarding the type of dwelling, its age, and property form, deviations of empiric values from the theoretical distribution are not relevant for the correlation searched for, which indicates that this issue goes beyond the above-mentioned criteria.     

Comparison of leadership styles in Confucian Asian countries

The purpose of this study was to examine the overall impact of four leadership styles (charismatic, directive, participative, and supportive) in four Confucian Asian countries, China, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, by reviewing recent studies conducted in those countries. By reviewing 38 studies selected from 430 studies published between 2005 and 2016, we identify the impact of the four leadership styles in the four Asian countries. We start with the research question and purpose, and then propose criteria for selecting the relevant recent studies followed by a review of cultural heritage and its influence on leadership in the four Asian countries. We summarize and review the studies and, finally, discuss the theoretical and practical contributions of this study.