交互理论指导下的组间小组活动模式研究

针对目前大学英语课堂小组活动中普遍存在的一些问题,如教师无法对小组活动进行监控、活动主题与教学内容脱节等,研究并尝试了一种组间小组活动模式。该模式中,课堂讨论主要以问答形式在组与组之间轮流进行,讨论话题围绕所学教材。在探究运用交互理论研究这种教学模式下,学生用目的语进行交流的语言特点。研究结果表明,在这种组间小组讨论模式中,所有学生都能获得用目的语进行表达的机会;交际中也出现了意义协商,但意义协商的数量较少,多由句法、词汇障碍引起,学生也表现出了对自己语言进行修正的愿望。他们在交流中还运用了许多该课中出现的生词,对课文也获得了更深的了解,并能尝试提出自己的见解。这对扩大学生的知识面、提高他们的交际能力有较大的促进作用。     

新一轮农业谈判背景下的欧盟国内支持政策研究——立场、原因和趋势

国内支持是欧盟共同农业政策的重要组成部分 ,也是新一轮农业谈判的主要内容之一。深入分析欧盟农业国内支持政策及其谈判立场的形成原因 ,并运用经济计量模型对欧盟农业支持的约束条件和变化趋势进行定量研究。同时 ,结合欧盟最新的共同农业政策改革 ,进一步探讨了欧盟农业国内支持政策未来的发展方向。     

论劳务派遣向正式雇佣的转换

劳务派遣的超常发展背离了立法本意,产生严重的负面效应,其回归理性发展轨道的路径之一在于向正式雇佣转换。基于用工自由与社会公正相平衡、法律管制与放松管制相协调、劳务派遣的过渡性特征等政策考量,劳务派遣转正具有充分正当性。在法律管制升格的背景下,劳务派遣向正式雇佣转换成为刚性的要求,因之在法律上需提供转换进行的通道和规则指引。对超出法定适用范围的劳务派遣,可以强制性地法律拟制为在用工单位与劳动者之间成立直接劳动关系,但应以不违背劳动法理的方式进行。合理范围内的劳务派遣,亦可依当事人协商机制而转化为直接雇佣。     

中德跨文化商务谈判行为研究

随着中德之间贸易、经济合作的飞速发展,中德跨文化商务谈判已变得日益频繁。为了研究中德商务谈判行为,笔者在德国组织了110组的中德跨文化商务谈判模拟,并对该数据进行了量化分析。分析结果揭示出,在中德跨文化商务谈判中,谈判者的个人特征对谈判者的策略选择发生着影响;同时,谈判者的策略选择对谈判结果起着至关重要的作用。另外,在谈判中保持良好的谈判气氛和高度忍耐力对于取得好的谈判结果也非常重要。对数据结果讨论之后,文章概括了中德跨文化商务谈判的一些基本特征,并给出了相关的现实操作启示。     

简论行政行为的司法化及其意义

行政行为司法化是指行政权的运行采用了司法的构造方式,即通过开放行政权决策系统,吸纳公民参与政府决策,为公民和政府进行理性交涉与对话提供一个制度空间,以提高政府决策的民主化、规范化、程式化和法治化.行政行为司法化在约束行政权力规范运行的同时,促成了政府决策的正当化,这有助于政府权威的树立和维护,并进而成为实现宪政政治的一个必要环节和步骤.     

清季中朝乙酉勘界谈判探微

清同治、光绪年间,朝鲜咸镜北道接连发生水、旱、虫灾,大批流民越界到图们江北垦居.在遣返流民过程中,朝鲜根据康熙五十一年（1712年）穆克登查边所立石碑铭文,提出“土门、豆满两江说”,否认图们江为中朝边界.为此,光绪十一年（1885年）,中朝两国各派代表举行勘界谈判,查看了穆克登碑、鸭绿江和图们江水源,并就穆克登碑与边界的关系交换了意见.虽然未能达成任何协议,但朝鲜代表从中了解了问题的真相,最终使政府放弃了“土门、豆满两江说”,为此后的谈判奠定了基础.     

The use of analytical methods and tools in international negotiations: A practitioner's perspective

This paper presents a practitioner's perspective on the use of systematic analytical techniques to improve the practice of international negotiations, primarily in a multilateral context. A generic model of the negotiation process is presented and the utility of various analytical methodologies is evaluated against the component functions described by the model. Overall, analytical tools for negotiation support are viewed as most useful in the prenegotiation phase. Conclusions are based primarily on practical experience, not on theories of negotiation.     

From victims to winners: strategies of negotiation among relocated residents in demolition-compensation events in local China

It has been well documented by researchers that in China’s continual quest for modernisation and urbanisation, many urban and rural residents became displaced and portrayed as victims. A more important question however needs to be explored: do evicted residents learn from others to develop strategies to protect themselves from becoming victims? Through in-depth interviews, primary data collection, documentary research, this study has confirmed that for some evicted residents in Southern China’s urban fringes, when their land was appropriated by local government and developers and they were offered resettlement elsewhere, they did not behave passively to accept the terms of compensation dictated. Instead, they actively learnt from other dwellers who were evicted earlier to become well-organised, resourceful, and sophisticated negotiators in bargaining for their compensation. The group of rural residents proved that they could do better than the evicted urban residents, especially in terms of compensation-negotiation.     

Learning to negotiate network relations: social support among working mothers living in poverty

This study promotes our understanding of the complex and dynamic role that social support networks play in the everyday life of working mothers living in poverty, by focusing on the processes of negotiation involved in the creation, maintenance and mobilization of social ties. It is based on semi-structured interviews with 12 Israeli-Jewish working mothers who participated in an economic empowerment workshop. Findings indicate that the participants received much social support from relatives, friends and community activists. However, they further reveal the hard hidden work of negotiation and the process of learning involved in obtaining support. Particularly important in this context of poverty was the need to learn how to ask for support by overcoming feelings of shame and concerns about respectability, and to reduce social burdens by, among other things, refusing to participate in the ‘gift economy’ and limiting constraining social relationships. Finally, this study shows how the seemingly divergent interpretations of negotiation in social-exchange theory and symbolic interactionism (reaching an agreement that maximizes benefits versus preserving the relationship) often converge in everyday life situations.     

Technology at the planning table: Activity theory,negotiation and course management systems

Abstract

This paper presents results from a qualitative inquiry into how online courses in UK and US HEIs are shaped by stakeholder negotiations around course management systems. The investigation used a multi-theory framework composed of Cervero and Wilson's (1994) negotiation of power and interests model and activity theory. Forty-six stakeholders from seven sites participated in the study. The findings identified four primary benefits that prompt stakeholders to employ specific course management systems and described two types of relationships that exist between the stakeholders and their CMS.