Some evidence concerning the value hypothesis of intergenerational status transmission: A research note

This paper reports some evidence bearing on the value hypothesis of intergenerational status transmission. The point of departure is the studies of Kohn (1969, Class and Conformity: A Study in Values, Dorsey, Homewood, Ill.) and Wright and Wright (1976, American Sociological Review, 41, 527–537) on the social class related value orientations called “self-direction” and “conformity.” Our research examines whether children's valuations along this dimension are associated with the valuations of their parents, as the value hypothesis would argue. Key associations consistent with the hypothesis are found although there is, overall, considerable variation in children's valuations not related to variation in the valuations of their parents. Implications of the finding for future examination of the value hypothesis are discussed.     

社会主义与机会平等——约翰·罗默的正义理论

约翰·罗默运用分析方法及模型构建、博弈论等方法，界定了撤出式博弈的一般剥削观以及社会必要剥削等概念。出于对作为剥削根源的财产关系的重视，罗默转向分配正义研究，并提出社会主义的本质在于机会平等。罗默的机会平等主张根据外部不可控因素将社会成员划分为不同类型，接受每一类型内部成员的收入不平等，同时实现不同类型间相同百分位数者的收入平等，使努力程度相等而非努力数量相等的人获得相等回报。以机会平等为目标，罗默还设计了以息票为主要特色的证券市场社会主义方案，致力于兼顾平等与效率，使公民分享经济利润的机会平等，同时避免财富继承的代际不平等。罗默的正义理论和研究方法别具特色，为坚持和发展马克思主义提供了正反两方面的借鉴意义。