孙中山土地观渊源探析

约翰·穆勒和亨利·乔治的土地税思想是孙中山"平均地权"土地观的直接来源。约翰.穆勒和亨利.乔治认为造成社会分化和经济畸形的主要原因是土地私有和土地市场投机炒作。他们提出用征收土地税的方法来实现土地收益权的公有化,进而达到遏制土地市场炒作以实现经济健康发展的目的。探析约翰·穆勒和亨利·乔治的土地税思想,对于深入理解孙中山的土地观具有重要意义,对于我国当前规范土地市场也具有重要的借鉴和启示意义。     

析约翰·菲斯克的两种经济电视理论

约翰·菲斯克的电视研究主要是在上世纪80年代完成的,以《解读电视》和《电视文化》两本著作以及散见于各学术杂志上的论文为代表成果。菲斯克在自己的电视研究中注重运用符号学方法研究电视文本、电视观众以及电视文化在意识形态中的霸权建构关系。菲斯克非常推崇符号学方法,因为符号学特定的研究视角和研究领域,特别是其对“意义”的基本认识给了他很大的启发,决定了他的电视研究对接收者(也即观众)的角色予以特别的关注。菲斯克通过对电视的双重经济流程的分析,发掘出电视观众创造意义和快感的价值之所在,彰显了大众文化潜在的进步力量,较好地解释了电视话语和人们对电视话语日常体验之间的复杂性问题。     

双重写作与启蒙———施特劳斯与托兰德问题

施特劳斯在论及隐微写作传统时为何对曾经专论此传统的托兰德只字未提？其实,在《迫害与写作艺术》中,施特劳斯借迈蒙尼德反驳了托兰德的老师斯宾诺莎。将隐微写作归因于政治迫害,是托兰德“显白／隐微”论的关键论点,这种主张已经成为现代启蒙学说的基础——哲学探究的思想自由已是现代民主政制的基础。然而,施特劳斯向有心人传达的是古典的隐微论教诲：隐微写作的必要性并非仅仅由于政治迫害,更多是由于哲学与社会的天然对立、以及哲人对社会承担的政治责任。《迫害与写作艺术》书名看起来像支持现代启蒙式的隐微论,实际上是要恢复古典的隐微论。     

约翰·洛克《政府论》的逻辑基础评析

客观地评价一个人的行为及其作品,应当综合考虑他所处的那个特定的时代背景。约翰·洛克的思想担负了为第一次具有世界性意义的英国资产阶级革命鸣锣开道的历史使命,其一系列政治主张直接影响了美国、法国等一些国家的政治制度变革,推动了世界法治进程的加速。然而,以现代人的眼光去评判,洛克的许多政治主张和思想并不具有科学性和客观性,而且在逻辑基础和论证方式上存在着很大的局限性和不足,这就使得《政府论》的政治主张和思想处在一种不稳定和无法证实的基础之上。《政府论》的政治思想、观点和主张只具有重大的时代意义,并不是仍能适用于现代的普世真理。     

Transforming habit: revolution,routine and social change

Compelling recent scholarly work has explored the crucial role affect, emotion and feeling might play in activating radical social and political change. I argue, however, that some narratives of ‘affective revolution’ may actually do more to obscure than to enrich our understanding of the material relations and routines though which ‘progressive’ change might occur and endure in a given context – while side-stepping the challenge of how to evaluate progress itself in the current socio-political and economic landscape. Drawing on the work of Eve Sedgwick, John Dewey, Felix Ravaisson and others, this article asks whether critical work on habit can provide different, and potentially generative, analytical tools for understanding the contemporary ethical and material complexities of social transformation. I suggest that it habit’s double nature – its enabling of both compulsive repetition and creative becoming – that makes it a rich concept for addressing the propensity of harmful socio-political patterns to persist in the face of efforts to generate greater awareness of their damaging effects, as well as the material forms of automation and coordination on which meaningful societal transformation may depend. I also explore how bringing affect and habit together might productively refigure our understandings of ‘the present’ and ‘social progress’, as well as the available modes of sensing, instigating and responding to change. In turning to habit, then, the primary aim of this article is to examine how social and cultural theory might critically re-approach social change and progressive politics today.     

Environmental assessment and evaluation research: examples from mental health and substance abuse programs.

Evaluation researchers have been broadening the traditional client input--"black box" treatment--client outcome paradigm that has guided many evaluations of mental health, substance abuse treatment, and other intervention programs. The points of expansion are in the areas of treatment implementation and treatment processes, as well as "extratreatment" influences on treatment selection, duration, and, especially, outcome. This review illustrates the application of environmental assessment procedures--particularly social climate measures--in four aspects of evaluation research suggested by the more comprehensive model: (a) evaluating treatment implementation; (b) exploring treatment processes; (c) identifying extratreatment influences on client posttreatment functioning; and (d) operationalizing outcome variables. Conceptual and methodological issues raised by these applications are discussed, and the benefits to be derived from an expanded model of evaluation research--especially the greater potential for program improvement--are considered.     

江南制造局翻译馆与晚清西史译介

江南制造局翻译馆的译书在近代中外文化交流史上占有重要地位。在"西译中述"翻译模式下,西方传教士在其中起着主导作用。翻译馆出版社会科学图书,特别是历史类图书,与传教士在华政策转向有关。史志类图书成为了影响中国士人和学者的重要手段。这些图书相较于以往教士翻译出版的历史书籍,显示出了新的特点,对时局影响更大,是近代中外史学交流的重要组成部分。     

厄普代克的“小镇”

美国作家约翰·厄普代克发表于2004年的第21部长篇小说《小镇》以三个不同地域的典型的美国中产阶级郊区小镇为场景，通过追溯其主人公欧文·麦肯齐的一系列婚外情，忠实记录了美国半个多世纪性道德的变迁史。作者并且指出，追求个人身体的自由固然是作为思想动物的人的本能的一部分，然而它同时也会侵害社会规约，给其他人带来伤害。     

Queer Christian: The Catholic Homosexual Apologia and Lesbian/Gay Practice

This essay concerns recent positions on homosexuality taken by the Roman Catholic Church and places them with respect to historical documents engaging same-sex desire. Analyzing Aelred of Rievaulx's twelfth-century Spiritual Friendship, John Bloxam's 1894 The Priest and the Acolyte, and Marc-André Raffalovich's 1896 Uranisme et Unisexualité, this essay offers perspectives on contemporary lay and ecclesiastical apologias, defenses, and critiques of homosexual behavior. The relationship between past and present locates the Christian churches' response to the modern homosexual as a historically developed—rather than permanently fixed—model of identity and action.     

Race differences in middle class lifestyle: The role of home ownership

This paper examines race differences in two aspects of “middle class” lifestyle: home ownership and net worth. Home ownership indicates stability; and for older persons net worth is an important part of economic status. Data from the NLS studies of older men are analyzed. The major findings are: (1) while whites at any earnings level are very likely to own homes by ages 50–64, only at relatively high earning levels do blacks begin to approach the home ownership rates of whites; (b) the net worth of blacks is substantially lower than that of whites after adjusting for variables in a standard status attainment model; and (c) however, among home owners the race difference as well as effects of other variables are much smaller than for renters. This is attributed to forced saving through home ownership. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible sources of low home ownership rates and low net worth of blacks and the implication of these findings for the study of middle class status.