吴经熊研究综述

吴经熊被称为20世纪中国最享有世界性声誉的法学大家,目前学术界对他的研究仍相对薄弱。通过对国外及台湾地区、大陆相关研究成果进行梳理,可知对他的研究已经取得了一定的成绩,也有一定的理论深度,但在整体上还存在诸多不足,在以下几个方面亟待加强：要加大资料的建设力度,加强史料的整理与翻译;要加强理论建设,拓展研究思路;要开掘研究深度,拓宽研究领域。     

现代自由思想的三座丰碑

为了消除对自由理解的混乱,分析了洛克、卢梭和密尔3位思想家的自由思想。分析认为:洛克认为一切人生而自由,包括对自己人身、行动和财产的支配权,政府的权力是有限的且必须得到人民的授权; 卢梭坚信自由平等是人类的本性,唯有当一个共和国保留了这样的人性,才可以被称为是合法的,他主张主权在民,实现这一目标的途径是尊重契约和立法精神,所有人都应当服从普遍意志,政府不得违背公意和法律; 密尔相信社会不断进步,平等的趋势不可逆转,自由是文明进步的必要条件,因为自由能催生出独立的个体、负责的政府和新的观念,他主张遏制多数人的暴力,对损害他人自由行动的行为加以限制并建立代议制政府。     

约翰·科里利亚诺室内乐创作早期二度音程结构力现象抉微——以《小提琴与钢琴奏鸣曲》和《露台音乐》为例

美国作曲家约翰·科里利亚诺以其独具个性的创作观念与技法在国际乐坛享有盛誉。在其创作早期的两部室内乐代表性作品《小提琴与钢琴奏鸣曲》和《露台舞曲》中,二度音程的结构中心与间接主导等技术现象对纷繁复杂的音乐形态产生融汇作用,形成音高思维的聚合特征、调式调性的编织特征和主题性写作中的音程结构特征,进而为科里利亚诺综合化的整体创作风貌奠定基础。     

The social organization of criminal justice processing: An event history analysis

Crimes are social events that involve citizens and control agents interacting over time. Prior work neglects the dynamic and interactive qualities of these criminal events. Drawing from the work of Hawley and others, it is suggested that the processing of criminal events is a routine activity socially organized in time and space. Dynamic modeling techniques developed by N. Tuma are applied to longitudinal data collected on over 10,000 criminal events in California cities and used to model rates of transition from arrest to case disposition resulting from police release, prosecutor denial of complaint, or going to court. As the work of Hawley predicts, city size has much to do with the way criminal events are processed. For example, in larger cities it is demonstrated that crime specialists are processed more slowly than nonspecialists, and that each successive police processing of crime specialists results in slower rates of transition relative to nonspecialists; in smaller cities, it is demonstrated that black suspects are processed more quickly than whites, and that each successive police processing of black suspects results in faster rates of transition relative to whites. The former findings are explained in terms of rationalized intelligence gathering, the latter in terms of stereotyping and the harassment of minorities. The systematic form of the observed temporal changes, notwithstanding a large number of legal and extralegal variables taken into account, leads us to believe that we have identified important patterns of police activity. These and other findings convince us that the social organization of criminal justice processing deserves further study.     

The children of alcoholics: An exploratory study

This study explored the relation of parents alcoholism to the health, behavior, and learning problems of their children. To control for the impact of hospitalization on the children, two control samples were obtained. In general, the problems among children of alcoholics were the same as for children in the control group except in the area of behavioral problems. The implication of these results for further research and for clinical practice were discussed.     

Unsicherheiten im Beratungsdiskurs

Uncertainties in discourses of consulting. Why consultees need philosophy — pragmatism for exampleThe author demonstrates, in which way the pragmatism, particularly the philosophy of John Dewey with his aspects of epistemology, theory of acting, theory of learning, theory of democracy and ethics, can help, how people in organisations can learn to act intelligently and successfully in processes of consulting, although just today uncertainties are wide-spread.     

Designing useful evaluations: The stakeholder survey

The failure of program evaluations to provide policy decision-makers with useful information is a familiar complaint. This paper discusses an approach towards designing and implementing more useful evaluations — the stakeholder survey. Stakeholders are individuals, or groups, who have a direct interest in the program being evaluated. The central premise of the paper is that the information needs of stakeholders should be incorporated directly into the formulation of evaluation objectives, and the design of the evaluation to achieve those objectives. The paper presents a rationale for the stakeholder survey, describes its major components, and reports on the application of the approach in a large program evaluation. Key issues involved in applying the approach are also considered. The evidence from this study suggests that such surveys are not only feasible, but also of considerable value to the evaluation team.     

邓恩爱情诗圆形意象的隐喻意义

英国玄学派诗歌领袖约翰·邓恩诗作笔法奇特,妙想连篇,似非而是。这种"新奇的" 玄 学诗风往往借助隐喻。如按传统修辞学的观点把隐喻视为一种修饰话语的修辞现象,把隐喻 两个项的相似点局限于对词语的分析,邓恩式隐喻显得"牵强附会,荒诞不经"。理查兹博士的"互相作用"理论(Interaction Theory)指出,隐喻是思维的互相交流而非词语的相互作用。这一理论对邓恩的奇喻有很强的解释力。文章试用这一理论分析邓恩爱情诗中圆形意象的隐喻意义,为解读邓恩爱情诗再提供一个视角。     

齐曼科学进化论思想述略——简析两种科学发展史观

在批判库恩绝对科学革命观的基础上,齐曼提出了进化的科学观。齐曼认为,当我们在一个广阔的领域来考察科学发展的轨迹时,库恩摧枯拉朽式的、"绝对的"革命不过是科学史家们对科学发展历史所作出的辉格式的解读而已,实际上并非如此,相反,科学发展是一个进化的过程,科学是通过BVSR机制一"代"一"代"地进化的。比较而言,齐曼的进化认识论能够更准确地反映科学发展的真实情形。